Contents
Suricata
SURICATA IDS/IPS is an open source IDS that monitors communications on the network and detects suspicious traffic.
The basic mechanism is signature-based, so it can detect predefined unauthorized communications. Suricata is also characterized by its ability to provide protection as well as detection.
1.advance preparation
①Activate the EPEL Repository
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# dnf -y install epel-release |
②System updates
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# dnf update -y |
2.Suricata Installation and Configuration
①Suricata Install
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# dnf -y install suricata Check Version # suricata -V This is Suricata version 7.0.7 RELEASE |
②Determine interface and IP address where Suricata will inspect network packets
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# ip --brief add lo UNKNOWN 127.0.0.1/8 ::1/128 ens160 UP 192.168.11.83/24 fe80::20c:29ff:feed:a784/64 |
③Edit configuration file
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# vi /etc/suricata/suricata.yaml # Line 18 : In the "vars" section, define the network HOME_NET: "[192.168.11.0/24]" EXTRNAL_NET: "!$HOME_NET" # Line 136 Change community-id: false to community-id:true community-id: true # Seed value for the ID output. Valid values are 0-65535. community-id-seed: 0 # Line 622 : Set interface name in "af-packet" section af-packet: - interface: ens160 Allow users to add, delete, and edit rules without having to restart the SURICATA service. Add the following to the last line detect-engine: - rule-reload: true |
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# vi /etc/sysconfig/suricata # Line 8 :Specify interface # Add options to be passed to the daemon OPTIONS="-i ens160 --user suricata " |
④Suricata rules update
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# suricata-update ---------------------------------------------- 1/12/2024 -- 13:09:40 - <Info> -- Writing rules to /var/lib/suricata/rules/suricata.rules: total: 54594; enabled: 40843; added: 54594; removed 0; modified: 0 1/12/2024 -- 13:09:41 - <Info> -- Writing /var/lib/suricata/rules/classification.config 1/12/2024 -- 13:09:41 - <Info> -- Testing with suricata -T. 1/12/2024 -- 13:10:14 - <Info> -- Done. |
At the end of the output, the number of rules read is displayed
available enabled: 40843 added: 54594;
⑤Activate Suricata
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# systemctl enable --now suricata Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multiuser.target.wants/suricata.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/suricata.service. |
⑥Confirm Suricata startup
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# systemctl status suricata ● suricata.service - Suricata Intrusion Detection Service Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/suricata.service; enabled; preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Sun 2024-12-01 13:12:46 JST; 8s ago Docs: man:suricata(1) Process: 7003 ExecStartPre=/bin/rm -f /var/run/suricata.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 7004 (Suricata-Main) Tasks: 1 (limit: 15828) Memory: 166.3M CPU: 7.888s CGroup: /system.slice/suricata.service └─7004 /sbin/suricata -c /etc/suricata/suricata.yaml --pidfile /var/run/suricata.pid> Dec 01 13:12:46 Lepard systemd[1]: Starting Suricata Intrusion Detection Service... Dec 01 13:12:46 Lepard systemd[1]: Started Suricata Intrusion Detection Service. Dec 01 13:12:46 Lepard suricata[7004]: i: suricata: This is Suricata version 7.0.7 RELEASE runnin> |
Check Log
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# tail /var/log/suricata/suricata.log [7004 - Suricata-Main] 2024-12-01 13:12:46 Info: conf: Running in live mode, activating unix socket [7004 - Suricata-Main] 2024-12-01 13:12:46 Info: logopenfile: fast output device (regular) initialized: fast.log [7004 - Suricata-Main] 2024-12-01 13:12:46 Info: logopenfile: eve-log output device (regular) initialized: eve.json [7004 - Suricata-Main] 2024-12-01 13:12:46 Info: logopenfile: stats output device (regular) initialized: stats.log [7004 - Suricata-Main] 2024-12-01 13:13:01 Info: detect: 1 rule files processed. 40843 rules successfully loaded, 0 rules failed, 0 [7004 - Suricata-Main] 2024-12-01 13:13:01 Info: threshold-config: Threshold config parsed: 0 rule(s) found [7004 - Suricata-Main] 2024-12-01 13:13:01 Info: detect: 40846 signatures processed. 1200 are IP-only rules, 4263 are inspecting packet payload, 35173 inspect application layer, 108 are decoder event only [7004 - Suricata-Main] 2024-12-01 13:13:21 Info: runmodes: ens160: creating 2 threads [7004 - Suricata-Main] 2024-12-01 13:13:21 Info: unix-manager: unix socket '/var/run/suricata/suricata-command.socket' [7004 - Suricata-Main] 2024-12-01 13:13:21 Notice: threads: Threads created -> W: 2 FM: 1 FR: 1 Engine started. |
Check the stats.log file for statistics (updated every 8 seconds by default)
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# tail -f /var/log/suricata/stats.log |
A more advanced output, EVE JSON, can be generated with the following command
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# tail -f /var/log/suricata/eve.json |
3.Suricata Testing
①Run ping test with curl utility
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# curl http://testmynids.org/uid/index.html uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root) |
②Check the alert log to see if it has been logged
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# cat /var/log/suricata/fast.log 12/01/2024-13:25:35.886474 [**] [1:2100498:7] GPL ATTACK_RESPONSE id check returned root [**] [Classification: Potentially Bad Traffic] [Priority: 2] {TCP} 54.239.168.3:80 -> 192.168.11.83:38294 |
4.Setting Suricata Rules
①Display of rule sets packaged in Suricata
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# ls -al /var/lib/suricata/rules/ total 32136 drwxr-s--- 2 root suricata 57 Dec 1 13:25 . drwxrws--- 4 suricata suricata 33 Dec 1 13:09 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root suricata 3228 Dec 1 13:25 classification.config -rw-r--r-- 1 root suricata 32900418 Dec 1 13:25 suricata.rules |
②Index list of sources providing rule sets
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# suricata-update list-sources Name: et/open Vendor: Proofpoint Summary: Emerging Threats Open Ruleset License: MIT Name: et/pro Vendor: Proofpoint Summary: Emerging Threats Pro Ruleset License: Commercial Replaces: et/open Parameters: secret-code Subscription: https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/et-pro-ruleset Name: oisf/trafficid Vendor: OISF Summary: Suricata Traffic ID ruleset License: MIT Name: scwx/enhanced Vendor: Secureworks Summary: Secureworks suricata-enhanced ruleset License: Commercial Parameters: secret-code Subscription: https://www.secureworks.com/contact/ (Please reference CTU Countermeasures) Name: scwx/malware Vendor: Secureworks Summary: Secureworks suricata-malware ruleset License: Commercial Parameters: secret-code Subscription: https://www.secureworks.com/contact/ (Please reference CTU Countermeasures) Name: scwx/security Vendor: Secureworks Summary: Secureworks suricata-security ruleset License: Commercial Parameters: secret-code Subscription: https://www.secureworks.com/contact/ (Please reference CTU Countermeasures) Name: abuse.ch/sslbl-blacklist Vendor: Abuse.ch Summary: Abuse.ch SSL Blacklist License: CC0-1.0 Replaces: sslbl/ssl-fp-blacklist Name: abuse.ch/sslbl-ja3 Vendor: Abuse.ch Summary: Abuse.ch Suricata JA3 Fingerprint Ruleset License: CC0-1.0 Replaces: sslbl/ja3-fingerprints Name: abuse.ch/sslbl-c2 Vendor: Abuse.ch Summary: Abuse.ch Suricata Botnet C2 IP Ruleset License: CC0-1.0 Name: abuse.ch/feodotracker Vendor: Abuse.ch Summary: Abuse.ch Feodo Tracker Botnet C2 IP ruleset License: CC0-1.0 Name: abuse.ch/urlhaus Vendor: abuse.ch Summary: Abuse.ch URLhaus Suricata Rules License: CC0-1.0 Name: etnetera/aggressive Vendor: Etnetera a.s. Summary: Etnetera aggressive IP blacklist License: MIT Name: tgreen/hunting Vendor: tgreen Summary: Threat hunting rules License: GPLv3 Name: malsilo/win-malware Vendor: malsilo Summary: Commodity malware rules License: MIT Name: stamus/lateral Vendor: Stamus Networks Summary: Lateral movement rules License: GPL-3.0-only Name: stamus/nrd-30-open Vendor: Stamus Networks Summary: Newly Registered Domains Open only - 30 day list, complete License: Commercial Parameters: secret-code Subscription: https://www.stamus-networks.com/stamus-labs/subscribe-to-threat-intel-feed Name: stamus/nrd-14-open Vendor: Stamus Networks Summary: Newly Registered Domains Open only - 14 day list, complete License: Commercial Parameters: secret-code Subscription: https://www.stamus-networks.com/stamus-labs/subscribe-to-threat-intel-feed Name: stamus/nrd-entropy-30-open Vendor: Stamus Networks Summary: Newly Registered Domains Open only - 30 day list, high entropy License: Commercial Parameters: secret-code Subscription: https://www.stamus-networks.com/stamus-labs/subscribe-to-threat-intel-feed Name: stamus/nrd-entropy-14-open Vendor: Stamus Networks Summary: Newly Registered Domains Open only - 14 day list, high entropy License: Commercial Parameters: secret-code Subscription: https://www.stamus-networks.com/stamus-labs/subscribe-to-threat-intel-feed Name: stamus/nrd-phishing-30-open Vendor: Stamus Networks Summary: Newly Registered Domains Open only - 30 day list, phishing License: Commercial Parameters: secret-code Subscription: https://www.stamus-networks.com/stamus-labs/subscribe-to-threat-intel-feed Name: stamus/nrd-phishing-14-open Vendor: Stamus Networks Summary: Newly Registered Domains Open only - 14 day list, phishing License: Commercial Parameters: secret-code Subscription: https://www.stamus-networks.com/stamus-labs/subscribe-to-threat-intel-feed Name: pawpatrules Vendor: pawpatrules Summary: PAW Patrules is a collection of rules for IDPS / NSM Suricata engine License: CC-BY-SA-4.0 Name: ptrules/open Vendor: Positive Technologies Summary: Positive Technologies Open Ruleset License: Custom Name: aleksibovellan/nmap Vendor: aleksibovellan Summary: Suricata IDS/IPS Detection Rules Against NMAP Scans License: MIT |
③Enable source (if et/open is enabled)
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# suricata-update enable-source et/open 1/12/2024 -- 13:37:07 - <Info> -- Using data-directory /var/lib/suricata. 1/12/2024 -- 13:37:07 - <Info> -- Using Suricata configuration /etc/suricata/suricata.yaml 1/12/2024 -- 13:37:07 - <Info> -- Using /usr/share/suricata/rules for Suricata provided rules. 1/12/2024 -- 13:37:07 - <Info> -- Found Suricata version 7.0.7 at /usr/sbin/suricata. 1/12/2024 -- 13:37:07 - <Info> -- Creating directory /var/lib/suricata/update/sources 1/12/2024 -- 13:37:07 - <Info> -- Source et/open enabled |
Perform update
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# suricata-update |
Restart Suricata service
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# systemctl restart suricata |
5.Creating Suricata Custom Rules
①Create files containing customer rules
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# vi /etc/suricata/rules/local.rules Include the following information alert icmp any any -> $HOME_NET any (msg:"ICMP Ping"; sid:1; rev:1;) |
②Edit configuration file (define new rule paths)
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# vi /etc/suricata/suricata.yaml # Added around line 2169 default-rule-path: /var/lib/suricata/rules rule-files: - suricata.rules - /etc/suricata/rules/local.rules |
③Testing the configuration file
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# suricata -T -c /etc/suricata/suricata.yaml -v Notice: suricata: This is Suricata version 7.0.7 RELEASE running in SYSTEM mode Info: cpu: CPUs/cores online: 2 Info: suricata: Running suricata under test mode Info: suricata: Setting engine mode to IDS mode by default Info: exception-policy: master exception-policy set to: auto Info: logopenfile: fast output device (regular) initialized: fast.log Info: logopenfile: eve-log output device (regular) initialized: eve.json Info: logopenfile: stats output device (regular) initialized: stats.log Info: detect: 2 rule files processed. 40844 rules successfully loaded, 0 rules failed, 0 Info: threshold-config: Threshold config parsed: 0 rule(s) found Info: detect: 40847 signatures processed. 1201 are IP-only rules, 4263 are inspecting packet payload, 35173 inspect application layer, 108 are decoder event only Notice: suricata: Configuration provided was successfully loaded. Exiting. |
Restart Suricata service
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# systemctl restart suricata |
④Testing the application of Custom Rules
Ping another device on the same local network to see if it was logged
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# cat /var/log/suricata/fast.log 12/01/2024-13:44:01.740303 [**] [1:1:1] ICMP Ping [**] [Classification: (null)] [Priority: 3] {ICMP} 192.168.11.45:8 -> 192.168.11.83:0 12/01/2024-13:44:01.740424 [**] [1:1:1] ICMP Ping [**] [Classification: (null)] [Priority: 3] {ICMP} 192.168.11.83:0 -> 192.168.11.45:0 |
To get logs in JSON format, install jq on your system
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# dnf install jq |
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# systemctl restart suricata |
Execute the following command to ping another device on the same local network
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# tail -f /var/log/suricata/eve.json | jq 'select(.event_type=="alert")' When ping is executed, the following is displayed in the console { "timestamp": "2024-12-01T13:46:52.592566+0900", "flow_id": 1137680732043699, "in_iface": "ens160", "event_type": "alert", "src_ip": "192.168.11.45", "src_port": 0, "dest_ip": "192.168.11.83", "dest_port": 0, "proto": "ICMP", "icmp_type": 8, "icmp_code": 0, "pkt_src": "wire/pcap", "community_id": "1:TGE3K1MZz74cyhTd37aU4ID3vjc=", "alert": { "action": "allowed", "gid": 1, "signature_id": 1, "rev": 1, "signature": "ICMP Ping", "category": "", "severity": 3 }, "direction": "to_server", "flow": { "pkts_toserver": 1, "pkts_toclient": 0, "bytes_toserver": 98, "bytes_toclient": 0, "start": "2024-12-01T13:46:52.592566+0900", "src_ip": "192.168.11.45", "dest_ip": "192.168.11.83" } } { "timestamp": "2024-12-01T13:46:52.592637+0900", "flow_id": 1137680732043699, "in_iface": "ens160", "event_type": "alert", "src_ip": "192.168.11.83", "src_port": 0, "dest_ip": "192.168.11.45", "dest_port": 0, "proto": "ICMP", "icmp_type": 0, "icmp_code": 0, "pkt_src": "wire/pcap", "community_id": "1:TGE3K1MZz74cyhTd37aU4ID3vjc=", "alert": { "action": "allowed", "gid": 1, "signature_id": 1, "rev": 1, "signature": "ICMP Ping", "category": "", "severity": 3 }, "direction": "to_client", "flow": { "pkts_toserver": 1, "pkts_toclient": 1, "bytes_toserver": 98, "bytes_toclient": 98, "start": "2024-12-01T13:46:52.592566+0900", "src_ip": "192.168.11.45", "dest_ip": "192.168.11.83" } } |