Fedora38 ; WEB Server(Apache2)

Contents

Apache2 installation and virtual host configuration
Ensure CGI Script Usage
PHP installation and configuration
- 1.PHP Install
Digest authentication in Apache2
- 1. Create password file for Digest authentication
- 2. Edit Apache configuration file

Apache2 installation and virtual host configuration

1.Apache2 Install

①httpd Install

# dnf -y install httpd

1	# dnf -y install httpd

Version Check

# httpd -v
Server version: Apache/2.4.57 (Fedora Linux)
Server built:   Apr 11 2023 00:00:00

# httpd -v

Server version: Apache/2.4.57 (Fedora Linux)

Server built: Apr 11 2023 00:00:00

2.Apache Configuration

①Edit httpd.conf file

# cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf_bak
# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
#Line 91 : Specify administrator address
ServerAdmin [Email Address]
#Per line 100: Change ServerName
#ServerName www.example.com:80
ServerName [Domain name]
#Line 149 : Change (Indexes are deleted)
Options FollowSymLinks
#Line 156 : Change
AllowOverride All
#Line 169 : File names accessible by directory name only
Add "index.php index.cgi index.htm"
#Add to the last line
ServerTokens Prod

# cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf_bak

# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

#Line 91 : Specify administrator address

ServerAdmin [Email Address]

#Per line 100: Change ServerName

#ServerName www.example.com:80

ServerName [Domain name]

#Line 149 : Change (Indexes are deleted)

Options FollowSymLinks

#Line 156 : Change

AllowOverride All

#Line 169 : File names accessible by directory name only

Add "index.php index.cgi index.htm"

#Add to the last line

ServerTokens Prod

②If Firewalld is enabled, HTTP service permission is required; use [80/TCP] for HTTP

# firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent
# firewall-cmd --reload

1 2	# firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent # firewall-cmd --reload

➂Apache Auto-Start Configuration

# systemctl start httpd
# systemctl enable httpd
# systemctl status httpd

● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
    Drop-In: /usr/lib/systemd/system/service.d
             mq10-timeout-abort.conf
     Active: active (running) since Tue 2023-04-25 08:49:28 JST; 25s ago
       Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
   Main PID: 1198 (httpd)
     Status: "Total requests: 0; Idle/Busy workers 100/0;Requests/sec: 0; Bytes served/sec:   0 B/sec"
      Tasks: 177 (limit: 2253)
     Memory: 14.2M
        CPU: 77ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
             tq1198 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             tq1199 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             tq1200 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             tq1232 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             mq1245 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Apr 25 08:49:28 Lepard systemd[1]: Starting httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server...
Apr 25 08:49:28 Lepard httpd[1198]: Server configured, listening on: port 80
Apr 25 08:49:28 Lepard systemd[1]: Started httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server.

# systemctl start httpd

# systemctl enable httpd

# systemctl status httpd

● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; preset: disabled)

Drop-In: /usr/lib/systemd/system/service.d

mq10-timeout-abort.conf

Active: active (running) since Tue 2023-04-25 08:49:28 JST; 25s ago

Docs: man:httpd.service(8)

Main PID: 1198 (httpd)

Status: "Total requests: 0; Idle/Busy workers 100/0;Requests/sec: 0; Bytes served/sec: 0 B/sec"

Tasks: 177 (limit: 2253)

Memory: 14.2M

CPU: 77ms

CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service

tq1198 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

tq1199 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

tq1200 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

tq1232 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

mq1245 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Apr 25 08:49:28 Lepard systemd[1]: Starting httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server...

Apr 25 08:49:28 Lepard httpd[1198]: Server configured, listening on: port 80

Apr 25 08:49:28 Lepard systemd[1]: Started httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server.

④operation check
If you access http://[server IP address] and the Fedora Webserver Test Page is displayed as shown below, it is OK.

⑤Hide the Welcome page, create a new index.html file as a Test Page, and check apache operation
Rename the welcome page

# mv /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf.org

1	# mv /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf.org

Create HTML test page

# vi /var/www/html/index.html

<html>
<body>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: 40px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">
Apache Test Page
</div>
</body>
</html>

# vi /var/www/html/index.html

<html>

<body>

Apache Test Page

</div>

</body>

</html>

If you access "http://[server IP address]" and the Test Page is displayed as shown below, it is OK.

3.Virtual Host Settings

Assign and configure the [FQDN] to be operated on the virtual host in the document root [/var/www/html/FQDN] directory

# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/<FQDN>
ServerName <FQDN>
ServerAdmin ＜Email Address>
ErrorLog logs/<FQDN>-error_log
CustomLog logs/<FQDN>-access_log combined
</VirtualHost>

<Directory "/var/www/html/<FQDN>">
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
</Directory>

# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf

DocumentRoot /var/www/html/<FQDN>

ServerName <FQDN>

ServerAdmin ＜Email Address>

ErrorLog logs/<FQDN>-error_log

CustomLog logs/<FQDN>-access_log combined

</VirtualHost>

Options FollowSymLinks

AllowOverride All

</Directory>

Creating a Document Directory

# mkdir /var/www/html/<FQDN>

1	# mkdir /var/www/html/<FQDN>

Apache restart

# systemctl restart httpd

1	# systemctl restart httpd

Ensure CGI Script Usage

①Confirmation of CGI availability

# grep -n "^ *ScriptAlias" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
252:    ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"
The above is displayed and available under "/var/www/cgi-bin/".

# grep -n "^ *ScriptAlias" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

252: ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"

The above is displayed and available under "/var/www/cgi-bin/".

②Create test scripts and check operation

# vi /var/www/cgi-bin/index.cgi

#!/usr/bin/python3
print("Content-type: text/html\n")
print("CGI Script Test Page")

# vi /var/www/cgi-bin/index.cgi

#!/usr/bin/python3

print("Content-type: text/html\n")

print("CGI Script Test Page")

# chmod 755 /var/www/cgi-bin/index.cgi

1	# chmod 755 /var/www/cgi-bin/index.cgi

# curl localhost/cgi-bin/index.cgi
CGI Script Test Page

1 2	# curl localhost/cgi-bin/index.cgi CGI Script Test Page

PHP installation and configuration

1.PHP Install

①Install

# dnf -y install php php-mbstring php-pear

1	# dnf -y install php php-mbstring php-pear

②Apache restatrt
After PHP installation, restarting Apache will invoke PHP-FPM (FPM : FastCGI Process Manager) by default, and php-fpm service will be started in conjunction with httpd startup.

# systemctl restart httpd
# systemctl status php-fpm

● php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service; disabled; preset: disabled)
    Drop-In: /usr/lib/systemd/system/service.d
             mq10-timeout-abort.conf
     Active: active (running) since Tue 2023-04-25 08:57:15 JST; 10s ago
   Main PID: 1968 (php-fpm)
     Status: "Ready to handle connections"
      Tasks: 6 (limit: 2253)
     Memory: 10.8M
        CPU: 43ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/php-fpm.service
             tq1968 "php-fpm: master process (/etc/php-fpm.conf)"
             tq1969 "php-fpm: pool www"
             tq1970 "php-fpm: pool www"
             tq1971 "php-fpm: pool www"
             tq1972 "php-fpm: pool www"
             mq1973 "php-fpm: pool www"

Apr 25 08:57:15 Lepard systemd[1]: Starting php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager...
Apr 25 08:57:15 Lepard systemd[1]: Started php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager.

# systemctl restart httpd

# systemctl status php-fpm

● php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service; disabled; preset: disabled)

Drop-In: /usr/lib/systemd/system/service.d

mq10-timeout-abort.conf

Active: active (running) since Tue 2023-04-25 08:57:15 JST; 10s ago

Main PID: 1968 (php-fpm)

Status: "Ready to handle connections"

Tasks: 6 (limit: 2253)

Memory: 10.8M

CPU: 43ms

CGroup: /system.slice/php-fpm.service

tq1968 "php-fpm: master process (/etc/php-fpm.conf)"

tq1969 "php-fpm: pool www"

tq1970 "php-fpm: pool www"

tq1971 "php-fpm: pool www"

tq1972 "php-fpm: pool www"

mq1973 "php-fpm: pool www"

Apr 25 08:57:15 Lepard systemd[1]: Starting php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager...

Apr 25 08:57:15 Lepard systemd[1]: Started php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager.

③Confirmation of PHP operation
Create the following file

# vi /var/www/html/<FQDN>/test.php
<?php phpinfo(); ?>

1 2	# vi /var/www/html/<FQDN>/test.php <?php phpinfo(); ?>

Access http://[FQDN]/test.php and if the following screen appears, OK

Digest authentication in Apache2

Since Basic Authentication, a well-known authentication authentication method for http, transmits authentication information in plain text, there is a risk of ID and password leakage if the packet is intercepted.
On the other hand, Digest Authentication encrypts the authentication information and sends it in encrypted form, so there is almost no risk of information leakage.

1. Create password file for Digest authentication

Specify an authenticated area called realm. This realm allows the same directory to be accessed as authenticated.
As an example, we will create a user named "secretuser" and a password file ".digestauth" with "DigestAuth" as the realm. Execute the following command and enter the password for "secretuser" when prompted.

# /usr/bin/htdigest -c /etc/httpd/.digestauth "DigestAuth" secretuser
Adding password for secretuser in realm DigestAuth.
New password:
Re-type new password:

# /usr/bin/htdigest -c /etc/httpd/.digestauth "DigestAuth" secretuser

Adding password for secretuser in realm DigestAuth.

New password:

Re-type new password:

Confirmation

# cat /etc/httpd/.digestauth
secretuser:DigestAuth:a1c671xxxxxxx306092bbd0fa2156268

1 2	# cat /etc/httpd/.digestauth secretuser:DigestAuth:a1c671xxxxxxx306092bbd0fa2156268

As above, secretuser and encrypted password are created

2. Edit Apache configuration file

Specify the directory to which Digest authentication will be applied. (In this case, specify the secret directory.)

# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

1	# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Add the following at the end

<Directory "/var/www/html/[FQDN]/secret">
AuthType Digest
AuthName "DigestAuth"
AuthDigestDomain /secret/
AuthUserFile "/etc/httpd/.digestauth"
Require valid-user
</Directory>

AuthType Digest

AuthName "DigestAuth"

AuthDigestDomain /secret/

AuthUserFile "/etc/httpd/.digestauth"

Require valid-user

</Directory>

Create a directory for Digest authentication

# mkdir  /var/www/html/[FQDN]/secret

1	# mkdir /var/www/html/[FQDN]/secret

Enable Digest authentication and reboot

# systemctl restart httpd.service

1	# systemctl restart httpd.service

When accessing http://[FQDN]/secret with a browser, a screen appears asking for "user name" and "password".

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