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AlmaLinux10.2 : WEB Server(Apache2)

2026.06.12

1.Apache2 Install , Virtual Host Configuration

1.1 Apache2 Install

①httpd Install

# dnf -y install httpd

Version Check

# httpd -v
Server version: Apache/2.4.63 (AlmaLinux)
Server built:   May 11 2026 00:00:00

1.2 Apache Configuration

①Edit httpd.conf file

# cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf_org

# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Line 91: Administrator Address Specification
ServerAdmin [Email Address]

Lune 101 : Add ServerName
#ServerName www.example.com:80
ServerName [Domain]

Line 149 : Change (Indexes removed)
Options FollowSymLinks

Line 156: Change
AllowOverride All

Line 169: Add filenames accessible by directory name only
DirectoryIndex index.html index.php index.cgi

Add to the last line
ServerTokens Prod

②Firewalld is enabled, HTTP service permission is required; HTTP uses [80/TCP]

# firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent
# firewall-cmd --reload

③Apache Auto-Start Configuration

# systemctl start httpd
# systemctl enable httpd
# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
     Active: active (running) since Fri 2026-06-12 10:24:11 JST; 12s ago
 Invocation: 252a1b3ce6d14f338e1223bf9c8bcfa9
       Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
   Main PID: 13140 (httpd)
     Status: "Total requests: 0; Idle/Busy workers 100/0;Requests/sec: 0; Bytes served/sec:   0 B/sec"
      Tasks: 177 (limit: 22795)
     Memory: 14M (peak: 14.4M)
        CPU: 71ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
             ├─13140 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             ├─13141 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             ├─13142 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             ├─13143 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             └─13144 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Jun 12 10:24:11 Lepard systemd[1]: Starting httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server...
Jun 12 10:24:11 Lepard (httpd)[13140]: httpd.service: Referenced but unset environment variable evaluates to an empty string: OPTIONS     
Jun 12 10:24:11 Lepard httpd[13140]: Server configured, listening on: port 80
Jun 12 10:24:11 Lepard systemd[1]: Started httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server.

httpd.service: Referenced but unset environment variable evaluates to an empty string: OPTIONS
The above is displayed. The Apache service is running, but it feels unsettling, so I configured it as follows to prevent recurrence.

# vi /etc/systemd/system/httpd.service.d/override.conf

Please fill in the following
[Service]
  ExecStart=
  ExecStart=/usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl restart httpd
# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
    Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/httpd.service.d
             └─override.conf
     Active: active (running) since Fri 2026-06-12 10:26:10 JST; 6s ago
 Invocation: d411bcc742e64c69b6c40998602ba0d9
       Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
   Main PID: 13533 (httpd)
     Status: "Started, listening on: port 80"
      Tasks: 177 (limit: 22795)
     Memory: 13.3M (peak: 13.6M)
        CPU: 66ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
             ├─13533 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             ├─13537 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             ├─13538 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             ├─13539 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             └─13540 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Jun 12 10:26:10 Lepard systemd[1]: Starting httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server...
Jun 12 10:26:10 Lepard httpd[13533]: Server configured, listening on: port 80
Jun 12 10:26:10 Lepard systemd[1]: Started httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Serve

④operation check
If you access http://[server IP address] and see the Web Server Test Page as shown below, it is OK.

⑤Hide the Welcome page, create a new index.html file as a Test Page, and check apache operation

Rename the welcome page

# mv /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf.org

Create HTML test page

# vi /var/www/html/index.html

Please describe the following
<html>
<body>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: 40px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">
Apache Test Page
</div>
</body>
</html>

If you access http://[server IP] and the Test Page is displayed as shown below, it is OK.

1.3 Virtual Host Settings

Assign and configure the domain name [FQDN] to the document root [/var/www/html/FQDN] directory for virtual host operation

# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf

Please describe the following(Virtual Host Domain Settings)
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/[FQDN]
ServerName [FQDN]
ServerAdmin ＜Email Address> ←Administrator's email address
ErrorLog logs/[FQDN].error_log
CustomLog logs/[FQDN].access_log combined
</VirtualHost>

<Directory "/var/www/html/[FQDN]">
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
</Directory>

Creating a Document Directory

# mkdir /var/www/html/[FQDN]

Restart Apache

# systemctl restart httpd

2. Use of CGI Scripts

①CGI availability check

# grep -n "^ *ScriptAlias" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
252:    ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"
The above is displayed and available under "/var/www/cgi-bin/".

②Create test scripts and check operation

# vi /var/www/cgi-bin/index.cgi

Please describe the following
#!/usr/libexec/platform-python
print("Content-type: text/html\n")
print("CGI Script Test Page")

# chmod 755 /var/www/cgi-bin/index.cgi
# curl localhost/cgi-bin/index.cgi
CGI Script Test Page

3. PHP installation and configuration

3.1.PHP8 Install

①Install

# dnf -y install php

②Version Check

# php -v

PHP 8.3.31 (cli) (built: May  5 2026 13:35:55) (NTS gcc x86_64)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.3.31, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v8.3.31, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

Enabling and starting php-fpm

# systemctl enable php-fpm
Created symlink '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service' → '/usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service'.

# systemctl start php-fpm

③Apache Restart
After PHP installation, restarting Apache will invoke PHP-FPM (FPM : FastCGI Process Manager) by default, and php-fpm service will be started in conjunction with httpd startup.

# systemctl restart httpd
# systemctl status php-fpm
● php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
     Active: active (running) since Fri 2026-06-12 10:32:44 JST; 15s ago
 Invocation: d6fef635302f4458ac8252e7d70d10df
   Main PID: 14553 (php-fpm)
     Status: "Processes active: 0, idle: 5, Requests: 0, slow: 0, Traffic: 0.00req/sec"
      Tasks: 6 (limit: 22795)
     Memory: 13M (peak: 13.3M)
        CPU: 39ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/php-fpm.service
             ├─14553 "php-fpm: master process (/etc/php-fpm.conf)"
             ├─14555 "php-fpm: pool www"
             ├─14556 "php-fpm: pool www"
             ├─14557 "php-fpm: pool www"
             ├─14558 "php-fpm: pool www"
             └─14559 "php-fpm: pool www"

Jun 12 10:32:44 Lepard systemd[1]: Starting php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager...
Jun 12 10:32:44 Lepard systemd[1]: Started php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager.

④Confirmation of PHP operation
Create the following files

# vi /var/www/html/[FQDN]/info.php

Please describe the following
<?php phpinfo(); ?>

If you access http://[FQDN]/info.php in your browser and see the following screen, it is OK

4. Digest authentication with Apache2

Since Basic Authentication, a well-known authentication authorization method for http, sends authentication information in plain text, there is a risk of ID and password leakage if the packet is intercepted.
On the other hand, Digest Authentication encrypts and transmits authentication information, so there is almost no risk of information leakage.

4.1 Create password file for Digest authentication

Specify an authenticated area called realm. This realm allows the same directory to be accessed as authenticated.
For this example, the realm is "DigestAuth" and a user and password file named "secretuser" ".digestauth" is created.

# /usr/bin/htdigest -c /etc/httpd/.digestauth "DigestAuth" secretuser
New password:
Re-type new password:

Confirmation

# cat /etc/httpd/.digestauth
secretuser:DigestAuth:xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

As above, secretuser and encrypted password are created

4.2  Edit Apache configuration file

Specify the directory to which Digest authentication will be applied. (In this case, specify the "secret" directory.)

# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Add the following at the end
<Directory "/var/www/html/[FQDN]/secret">
AuthType Digest
AuthName "DigestAuth"
AuthDigestDomain /[FQDN]/secret/
AuthUserFile "/etc/httpd/.digestauth"
Require valid-user
</Directory>

Create a directory for Digest authentication

# mkdir  /var/www/html/[FQDN]/secret

Enable Digest authentication and reboot

# systemctl restart httpd.service

When accessing http://[FQDN]/secret with a browser, a screen appears asking for "user name" and "password".

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