Tripwire
1.インストール
# dnf -y install tripwire
2.パスフレーズ設定
# tripwire-setup-keyfiles
----------------------------------------------
The Tripwire site and local passphrases are used to sign a variety of
files, such as the configuration, policy, and database files.
Passphrases should be at least 8 characters in length and contain both
letters and numbers.
See the Tripwire manual for more information.
----------------------------------------------
Creating key files...
(When selecting a passphrase, keep in mind that good passphrases typically
have upper and lower case letters, digits and punctuation marks, and are
at least 8 characters in length.)
Enter the site keyfile passphrase: ←任意の「サイトパスフレーズ」を入力
Verify the site keyfile passphrase: ←再度「サイトパスフレーズ」を入力
Generating key (this may take several minutes)...Key generation complete.
(When selecting a passphrase, keep in mind that good passphrases typically
have upper and lower case letters, digits and punctuation marks, and are
at least 8 characters in length.)
Enter the local keyfile passphrase: ←任意の「ローカルパスフレーズ」を入力
Verify the local keyfile passphrase: ←再度「ローカルパスフレーズ」を入力
Generating key (this may take several minutes)...Key generation complete.
----------------------------------------------
Signing configuration file...
Please enter your site passphrase: ←「サイトパスフレーズ」を入力
Wrote configuration file: /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg
A clear-text version of the Tripwire configuration file:
/etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt
has been preserved for your inspection. It is recommended that you
move this file to a secure location and/or encrypt it in place (using a
tool such as GPG, for example) after you have examined it.
----------------------------------------------
Signing policy file...
Please enter your site passphrase: ←「サイトパスフレーズ」を入力
Wrote policy file: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol
A clear-text version of the Tripwire policy file:
/etc/tripwire/twpol.txt
has been preserved for your inspection. This implements a minimal
policy, intended only to test essential Tripwire functionality. You
should edit the policy file to describe your system, and then use
twadmin to generate a new signed copy of the Tripwire policy.
Once you have a satisfactory Tripwire policy file, you should move the
clear-text version to a secure location and/or encrypt it in place
(using a tool such as GPG, for example).
Now run "tripwire --init" to enter Database Initialization Mode. This
reads the policy file, generates a database based on its contents, and
then cryptographically signs the resulting database. Options can be
entered on the command line to specify which policy, configuration, and
key files are used to create the database. The filename for the
database can be specified as well. If no options are specified, the
default values from the current configuration file are used.
3.Tripwire の設定
①設定ファイル編集
# vi /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt
# 9 行目 : trueに変更
LOOSEDIRECTORYCHECKING =true
# 12 行目 : 最も詳細なレポートに変更
REPORTLEVEL =4
②Tripwire 設定ファイル(暗号署名版)を作成
# twadmin -m F -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg -S /etc/tripwire/site.key /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt
Please enter your site passphrase: ←サイトパスフレーズを入力
Wrote configuration file: /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg
③Tripwire 設定ファイル(テキスト版)削除
# rm -f /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt
④ポリシーファイル設定
# cd /etc/tripwire/
# vi twpolmake.pl
twpolmake.plの内容
#!/usr/bin/perl
# Tripwire Policy File customize tool
#
$POLFILE=$ARGV[0];
open(POL,"$POLFILE") or die "open error: $POLFILE" ;
my($myhost,$thost) ;
my($sharp,$tpath,$cond) ;
my($INRULE) = 0 ;
while (<POL>) {
chomp;
if (($thost) = /^HOSTNAME\s*=\s*(.*)\s*;/) {
$myhost = `hostname` ; chomp($myhost) ;
if ($thost ne $myhost) {
$_="HOSTNAME=\"$myhost\";" ;
}
}
elsif ( /^{/ ) {
$INRULE=1 ;
}
elsif ( /^}/ ) {
$INRULE=0 ;
}
elsif ($INRULE == 1 and ($sharp,$tpath,$cond) = /^(\s*\#?\s*)(\/\S+)\b(\s+->\s+.+)$/) {
$ret = ($sharp =~ s/\#//g) ;
if ($tpath eq '/sbin/e2fsadm' ) {
$cond =~ s/;\s+(tune2fs.*)$/; \#$1/ ;
}
if (! -s $tpath) {
$_ = "$sharp#$tpath$cond" if ($ret == 0) ;
}
else {
$_ = "$sharp$tpath$cond" ;
}
}
print "$_\n" ;
}
close(POL) ;
⑤ポリシーファイル最適化
# perl /etc/tripwire/twpolmake.pl /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt > /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt.new
⑥最適化済ポリシーファイルを元に、ポリシーファイル(暗号署名版)作成
# twadmin -m P -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg -p /etc/tripwire/tw.pol -S /etc/tripwire/site.key /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt.new
Please enter your site passphrase: ←サイトパスフレーズを入力
Wrote policy file: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol
⑦データベースを作成、動作確認
# tripwire -m i -s -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg
Please enter your local passphrase: ←ローカルパスフレーズを入力
テスト用ファイルを作成
# echo test > /root/test.txt
Tripwire の動作確認
# tripwire -m c -s -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg
下記のように表示されればOK
Open Source Tripwire(R) 2.4.3.7 Integrity Check Report
Report generated by: root
Report created on: Thu 12 Nov 2026 03:25:32 PM JST
Database last updated on: Never
===============================================================================
Report Summary:
===============================================================================
Host name: Lepard
Host IP address: 192.168.11.83
Host ID: None
Policy file used: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol
Configuration file used: /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg
Database file used: /var/lib/tripwire/Lepard.twd
Command line used: tripwire -m c -s -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg
===============================================================================
Rule Summary:
===============================================================================
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section: Unix File System
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule Name Severity Level Added Removed Modified
--------- -------------- ----- ------- --------
User binaries 66 0 0 0
Tripwire Binaries 100 0 0 0
Operating System Utilities 100 0 0 0
Libraries 66 0 0 0
OS executables and libraries 100 0 0 0
File System and Disk Administraton Programs
100 0 0 0
Networking Programs 100 0 0 0
System Administration Programs 100 0 0 0
Critical Utility Sym-Links 100 0 0 0
Shell Binaries 100 0 0 0
* Tripwire Data Files 100 1 0 0
System boot changes 100 0 0 0
Security Control 100 0 0 0
Login Scripts 100 0 0 0
Critical configuration files 100 0 0 0
Kernel Administration Programs 100 0 0 0
Hardware and Device Control Programs
100 0 0 0
Application Information Programs
100 0 0 0
(/sbin/rtmon)
Critical system boot files 100 0 0 0
* Root config files 100 1 0 0
Invariant Directories 66 0 0 0
Temporary directories 33 0 0 0
Critical devices 100 0 0 0
Total objects scanned: 53857
Total violations found: 2
===============================================================================
Object Summary:
===============================================================================
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Section: Unix File System
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule Name: Tripwire Data Files (/var/lib/tripwire)
Severity Level: 100
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Added:
"/var/lib/tripwire/Lepard.twd"
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule Name: Root config files (/root)
Severity Level: 100
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Added:
"/root/test.txt"
===============================================================================
Error Report:
===============================================================================
No Errors
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** End of report ***
Open Source Tripwire 2.4 Portions copyright 2000-2018 Tripwire, Inc. Tripwire is a registered
trademark of Tripwire, Inc. This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY;
for details use --version. This is free software which may be redistributed
or modified only under certain conditions; see COPYING for details.
All rights reserved.
テスト用ファイルを削除
# rm -f /root/test.txt
⑧Tripwire 定期的にメールで結果報告するスクリプト作成
# cd /var/www/system
# vi tripwire.sh
tripwire.shの内容
#!/bin/bash
PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/tripwire/sbin
# パスフレーズ設定
LOCALPASS=xxxxx # ローカルキーパスフレーズ
SITEPASS=xxxxx # サイトキーパスフレーズ
#通知先メールアドレス指定
MAIL="<your mailaddress> "
cd /etc/tripwire
# Tripwireチェック実行
tripwire -m c -s -c tw.cfg|mail -s "Tripwire(R) Integrity Check Report in `hostname`" $MAIL
# ポリシーファイル最新化
twadmin -m p -c tw.cfg -p tw.pol -S site.key > twpol.txt
perl twpolmake.pl twpol.txt > twpol.txt.new
twadmin -m P -c tw.cfg -p tw.pol -S site.key -Q $SITEPASS twpol.txt.new > /dev/null
rm -f twpol.txt* *.bak
# データベース最新化
rm -f /usr/local/tripwire/lib/tripwire/*.twd*
tripwire -m i -s -c tw.cfg -P $LOCALPASS
# chmod 700 tripwire.sh
cron に追加
# crontab -e
0 3 * * * /var/www/system/tripwire.sh
下記コマンドを実行し、指定したメールアドレスにtripwire実行結果が通知されることを確認
# /var/www/system/tripwire.sh
Logwatch導入
①インストール
# dnf -y install logwatch
②設定ファイルの編集
# cat /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf >> /etc/logwatch/conf/logwatch.conf
# vi /etc/logwatch/conf/logwatch.conf
# 76 行目 : 「MailTo = root」の行頭に「#」を挿入し、その下行に通知を受け取りたいメールアドレスを設定
#MailTo = root
MailTo = [メールアドレス]
# 115行目あたり : ログ通知の詳細度を設定
#Detail = Low
Detail = High
③レポートを出力
# logwatch --output stdout
下記のようなメッセージが出ます
################### Logwatch 7.15 (07/22/26) ####################
Processing Initiated: Thu Nov 12 15:37:53 2026
Date Range Processed: yesterday
( 2026-Nov-11 )
Period is day.
Detail Level of Output: 10
Type of Output/Format: stdout / text
Logfiles for Host: Lepard
##################################################################
--------------------- Kernel Audit Begin ------------------------
Number of audit daemon starts: 2
Number of audit daemon stops: 2
Number of audit initializations: 3
----------------------------Omission-----------------------
--------------------- Disk Space Begin ------------------------
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/fedora-root 15G 3.8G 12G 26% /
efivarfs 256K 75K 177K 30% /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
/dev/nvme0n1p2 2.0G 417M 1.6G 21% /boot
/dev/nvme0n1p1 599M 8.0M 591M 2% /boot/efi
---------------------- Disk Space End -------------------------
--------------------- lm_sensors output Begin ------------------------
nvme-pci-0b00
Adapter: PCI adapter
Composite: +29.9 C
---------------------- lm_sensors output End -------------------------
###################### Logwatch End #########################
④次のコマンドで設定したアドレスにレポートが届くかテストを行います。上記の様なログレポートメールが届いているか確認
# /etc/cron.daily/0logwatch
ディスク使用率チェックスクリプト導入
1 スクリプト作成
# cd /var/www/system
# vi disk_capacity_check.sh
disk_capacity_check.shの内容
#!/bin/bash
#通知先メールアドレス指定
MAIL="<Mail address>"
DVAL=`/bin/df / | /usr/bin/tail -1 | /bin/sed 's/^.* \([0-9]*\)%.*$/\1/'`
if [ $DVAL -gt 80 ]; then
echo "Disk usage alert: $DVAL %" | mail -s "Disk Space Alert in `hostname`" $MAIL
fi
実行権限
# chmod 700 disk_capacity_check.sh
2 実行確認
①現在の使用率を確認
# df -h
次のように表示される
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/fedora-root 15G 3.8G 12G 26% /
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
efivarfs 256K 75K 177K 30% /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
tmpfs 771M 3.6M 768M 1% /run
none 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/systemd-journald.service
none 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/systemd-resolved.service
tmpfs 1.9G 2.1M 1.9G 1% /tmp
/dev/nvme0n1p2 2.0G 417M 1.6G 21% /boot
/dev/nvme0n1p1 599M 8.0M 591M 2% /boot/efi
tmpfs 386M 4.0K 386M 1% /run/user/1000
②使用率80%以上になるようダミーファイルを作成(例ではdummyfile という名前で10G程度)
# dd if=/dev/zero of=dummyfile bs=1M count=10000
➂ディスク容量チェックスクリプトを実行
# /var/www/system/disk_capacity_check.sh
設定したメールアドレスに本文の内容として「Disk usage alert: 91 %」のように記載のメールが届きます
④作成した「dummyfile」を削除
# rm dummyfile
⑤定期実行設定
# crontab -e
30 2 * * * /var/www/system/disk_capacity_check.sh
DNS更新
ネットが切断されたり、ルーターが切断再起動したときにおこるグローバルIPの変更の度に、ダイナミックDNSにアクセスしグローバルIPが変更されたことを知らせなくてはいけません。
専用のpythonファイルを作成しCronで定期実行します
今回はValuedomainでのDNS設定です
# cd /var/www/system
# vi ddnsset.py
ddnsset.pyの内容
#setddns.py
import requests
import ipaddress
from datetime import datetime
from pathlib import Path
# SETTING DATA
MY_DOMAIN = "example.jp" ←自ドメイン
MY_PASS = "xxxxxxxxxx" ←パスワード
MY_HOSTNAME = "xxxx" ←ホスト名
OUT_FILE = Path("/tmp/ipadress") ←IPアドレス記録ファイル
def time_msg():
now = datetime.now()
return now.strftime("%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S")
def is_valid_ip(ip_str):
try:
ipaddress.ip_address(ip_str)
return True
except ValueError:
return False
def main():
# Check Global IP Address
url_get_ip = "https://dyn.value-domain.com/cgi-bin/dyn.fcg?ip"
try:
response = requests.get(url_get_ip, timeout=10)
response.raise_for_status()
current_ip = response.text.strip()
except requests.RequestException as e:
print(f"{time_msg()} Failed to get IP: {e}")
return
# IP check
mssg = time_msg()
if not current_ip:
print(f"{mssg} invalid IP NULL")
return
if not is_valid_ip(current_ip):
print(f"{mssg} invalid IP={current_ip}")
return
# Read previous IP
previous_ip = ""
if OUT_FILE.exists():
with open(OUT_FILE, "r") as f:
previous_ip = f.read().strip()
if current_ip == previous_ip:
print(f"{time_msg()} no change IP={current_ip}")
return
else:
print(f"change IP from {previous_ip} to {current_ip}")
# Update DDNS
mssg = time_msg()
print(f"{mssg} access to value-domain")
url_set_ddns = (
f"https://dyn.value-domain.com/cgi-bin/dyn.fcg?"
f"d={MY_DOMAIN}&p={MY_PASS}&h={MY_HOSTNAME}"
)
try:
response = requests.get(url_set_ddns, timeout=10)
response.raise_for_status()
# 改行をスペースに変換し、連続するスペースを1つにまとめる
result = ' '.join(response.text.strip().split())
except requests.RequestException as e:
print(f"{time_msg()} Failed to update DDNS: {e}")
return
mssg = time_msg()
print(f"{mssg} {MY_HOSTNAME}.{MY_DOMAIN} {result} IP={current_ip}")
# DDNS更新が成功した場合のみIPを保存
if "status=0" in result:
with open(OUT_FILE, "w") as f:
f.write(current_ip)
print(f"{mssg} Successfully saved new IP: {current_ip}")
else:
print(f"{mssg} DDNS update failed, IP not saved")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
IPアドレス記録ファイル作成
# touch /tmp/ipadress
定期的に実行
# crontab -e
* 00 * * * /usr/bin/python3 /var/www/system/ddnsset.py >> /var/log/ddns_updater.log 2>&1
