Fedora38 ; SNORT2 , Suricata , Tripwire

SNORT

Snort is an open source network intrusion detection system capable of performing real-time traffic analysis and packet logging on IP networks.

It can perform "protocol analysis," "content search," and "matching," and can be used to detect a variety of attacks, including "buffer overflows," "stealth port scans," "CGI attacks," "SMB probes," "OS fingerprinting attempts," "semantic URL attacks," and "server message block probes.

1.Advance preparation

①Add the CodeReady Red Hat repository and install the required software

# dnf -y install bison flex libpcap-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel libdnet-devel libtirpc-devel libtool nghttp2 libnghttp2-devel

1	# dnf -y install bison flex libpcap-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel libdnet-devel libtirpc-devel libtool nghttp2 libnghttp2-devel

Creation of working directory

# mkdir /var/src

1	# mkdir /var/src

②DAQ install

# cd /var/src
# wget https://snort.org/downloads/snort/daq-2.0.7.tar.gz
# tar zxvf daq-2.0.7.tar.gz
# cd daq-2.0.7
# autoreconf -f -i
# ./configure
# make
# make install

# cd /var/src

# wget https://snort.org/downloads/snort/daq-2.0.7.tar.gz

# tar zxvf daq-2.0.7.tar.gz

# cd daq-2.0.7

# autoreconf -f -i

# ./configure

# make

# make install

③Lua install

# cd /var/src
# wget http://luajit.org/download/LuaJIT-2.0.5.tar.gz
# tar -zxvf LuaJIT-2.0.5.tar.gz
# cd LuaJIT-2.0.5
# make
# make install

# cd /var/src

# wget http://luajit.org/download/LuaJIT-2.0.5.tar.gz

# tar -zxvf LuaJIT-2.0.5.tar.gz

# cd LuaJIT-2.0.5

# make

# make install

④Create fake release files

# /bin/cat << EOT >/etc/fedora-release
Fedora release 28 (Rawhide)
EOT

# /bin/cat << EOT >/etc/fedora-release

Fedora release 28 (Rawhide)

EOT

2. Download, compile, and install Snort2

# cd /var/src
# wget https://www.snort.org/downloads/snort/snort-2.9.20.tar.gz
# tar -zxvf snort-2.9.20.tar.gz
# cd snort-2.9.20
# ./configure --enable-sourcefire

If an error occurs because zlib.h is not found
# dnf install zlib-devel

Again
# ./configure --enable-sourcefire
# make
# make install
# ldconfig
# ln -s /usr/local/bin/snort /usr/sbin/snort

# cd /var/src

# wget https://www.snort.org/downloads/snort/snort-2.9.20.tar.gz

# tar -zxvf snort-2.9.20.tar.gz

# cd snort-2.9.20

# ./configure --enable-sourcefire

If an error occurs because zlib.h is not found

# dnf install zlib-devel

Again

# ./configure --enable-sourcefire

# make

# make install

# ldconfig

# ln -s /usr/local/bin/snort /usr/sbin/snort

Delete fake release files

# rm /etc/fedora-release

1	# rm /etc/fedora-release

3.Create groups and users, necessary directories and files

# groupadd snort
# useradd snort -r -s /sbin/nologin -c SNORT_IDS -g snort

1 2	# groupadd snort # useradd snort -r -s /sbin/nologin -c SNORT_IDS -g snort

# mkdir /etc/snort
# mkdir -p /etc/snort/rules
# mkdir /var/log/snort
# mkdir /usr/local/lib/snort_dynamicrules
# mkdir /etc/snort/preproc_rules

# chmod -R 5775 /etc/snort
# chmod -R 5775 /var/log/snort
# chmod -R 5775 /usr/local/lib/snort_dynamicrules
# chown -R snort:snort /etc/snort
# chown -R snort:snort /var/log/snort
# chown -R snort:snort /usr/local/lib/snort_dynamicrules

Create the following files
# touch /etc/snort/rules/white_list.rules
# touch /etc/snort/rules/black_list.rules
# touch /etc/snort/rules/local.rules

# mkdir /etc/snort

# mkdir -p /etc/snort/rules

# mkdir /var/log/snort

# mkdir /usr/local/lib/snort_dynamicrules

# mkdir /etc/snort/preproc_rules

# chmod -R 5775 /etc/snort

# chmod -R 5775 /var/log/snort

# chmod -R 5775 /usr/local/lib/snort_dynamicrules

# chown -R snort:snort /etc/snort

# chown -R snort:snort /var/log/snort

# chown -R snort:snort /usr/local/lib/snort_dynamicrules

Create the following files

# touch /etc/snort/rules/white_list.rules

# touch /etc/snort/rules/black_list.rules

# touch /etc/snort/rules/local.rules

Setup configuration files… Copy all files to the configuration directory.

# cp /var/src/snort-2.9.20/etc/*.conf* /etc/snort
# cp /var/src/snort-2.9.20/etc/*.map* /etc/snort

1 2	# cp /var/src/snort-2.9.20/etc/.conf /etc/snort # cp /var/src/snort-2.9.20/etc/.map /etc/snort

4.Use of Community Rules

①Get Community Rules

# wget https://www.snort.org/rules/community -O ~/community.tar.gz

1	# wget https://www.snort.org/rules/community -O ~/community.tar.gz

②Extract rules and copy to configuration folder

# tar -xvf ~/community.tar.gz -C ~/
# cp ~/community-rules/* /etc/snort/rules

1 2	# tar -xvf ~/community.tar.gz -C ~/ # cp ~/community-rules/* /etc/snort/rules

There are various rule files that are not included in the community rules.
Use the sed command to comment out unnecessary lines.

# sed -i 's/include \$RULE\_PATH/#include \$RULE\_PATH/' /etc/snort/snort.conf

1	# sed -i 's/include \$RULE\_PATH/#include \$RULE\_PATH/' /etc/snort/snort.conf

5. Retrieving Registered User Rules

Once registered on the Snort website, registered user rules can be downloaded using an Oink code.
The Oink code is located in your Snort user account details.
Replace oinkcode in the following command with your personal code

# wget https://www.snort.org/rules/snortrules-snapshot-29181.tar.gz?oinkcode=<oink-code> -O ~/registered.tar.gz

1	# wget https://www.snort.org/rules/snortrules-snapshot-29181.tar.gz?oinkcode=<oink-code> -O ~/registered.tar.gz

Once download is complete, extract rules to the configuration directory

# tar -xvf ~/registered.tar.gz -C /etc/snort

1	# tar -xvf ~/registered.tar.gz -C /etc/snort

6. Network and Rule Configuration

# vi /etc/snort/snort.conf

●Line 45
# Setup the network addresses you are protecting
ipvar HOME_NET 192.168.11.0/24　←adapt to one's environment
●Line 48
# Set up the external network addresses. Leave as "any" in most situations
ipvar EXTERNAL_NET !$HOME_NET
●Line 104-106　Comment out and add below
# Path to your rules files (this can be a relative path)
# var RULE_PATH ../rules
# var SO_RULE_PATH ../so_rules
# var PREPROC_RULE_PATH ../preproc_rules
var RULE_PATH /etc/snort/rules
var SO_RULE_PATH /etc/snort/so_rules
var PREPROC_RULE_PATH /etc/snort/preproc_rules
●Per Line 115-116 Comment out and add below
# Set the absolute path appropriately
#var WHITE_LIST_PATH ../rules
#var BLACK_LIST_PATH ../rules
var WHITE_LIST_PATH /etc/snort/rules
var BLACK_LIST_PATH /etc/snort/rules
●Per Line 525 : Add
# unified2
# Recommended for most installs
output unified2: filename snort.log, limit 128
●Line 550 : To make custom rules readable, local.rules must be uncommented
include $RULE_PATH/local.rules
●If you are using community rules, also add the following line just below the local.rules line, for exampl
include $RULE_PATH/community.rules

# vi /etc/snort/snort.conf

●Line 45

# Setup the network addresses you are protecting

ipvar HOME_NET 192.168.11.0/24　←adapt to one's environment

●Line 48

# Set up the external network addresses. Leave as "any" in most situations

ipvar EXTERNAL_NET !$HOME_NET

●Line 104-106　Comment out and add below

# Path to your rules files (this can be a relative path)

# var RULE_PATH ../rules

# var SO_RULE_PATH ../so_rules

# var PREPROC_RULE_PATH ../preproc_rules

var RULE_PATH /etc/snort/rules

var SO_RULE_PATH /etc/snort/so_rules

var PREPROC_RULE_PATH /etc/snort/preproc_rules

●Per Line 115-116 Comment out and add below

# Set the absolute path appropriately

#var WHITE_LIST_PATH ../rules

#var BLACK_LIST_PATH ../rules

var WHITE_LIST_PATH /etc/snort/rules

var BLACK_LIST_PATH /etc/snort/rules

●Per Line 525 : Add

# unified2

# Recommended for most installs

output unified2: filename snort.log, limit 128

●Line 550 : To make custom rules readable, local.rules must be uncommented

include $RULE_PATH/local.rules

●If you are using community rules, also add the following line just below the local.rules line, for exampl

include $RULE_PATH/community.rules

7. Verification of settings

Use parameter -T to test configuration and enable test mode

# snort -T -c /etc/snort/rules/snort.conf

1	# snort -T -c /etc/snort/rules/snort.conf

Copy the relevant files to /etc/snort/rules in case of errors
In our case, the error occurred in the following file

# cp /var/src/snort-2.9.20/etc/classification.config /etc/snort/rules
# cp /var/src/snort-2.9.20/etc/reference.config /etc/snort/rules
# cp /var/src/snort-2.9.20/etc/threshold.conf /etc/snort/rules
# cp /var/src/snort-2.9.20/etc/unicode.map /etc/snort/rules/

# cp /var/src/snort-2.9.20/etc/classification.config /etc/snort/rules

# cp /var/src/snort-2.9.20/etc/reference.config /etc/snort/rules

# cp /var/src/snort-2.9.20/etc/threshold.conf /etc/snort/rules

# cp /var/src/snort-2.9.20/etc/unicode.map /etc/snort/rules/

Also, if you get the error "/etc/snort/rules/snort.conf(322) => Invalid keyword '}'".
relevant line

# vi /etc/snort/rules/snort.conf

●Line 321 : comment-out
#decompress_swf { deflate lzma } \

# vi /etc/snort/rules/snort.conf

●Line 321 : comment-out

#decompress_swf { deflate lzma } \

Conduct the following again

# snort -T -c /etc/snort/rules/snort.conf

[ Number of patterns truncated to 20 bytes: 916 ]

MaxRss at the end of detection rules:825960

        --== Initialization Complete ==--

   ,,_     -*> Snort! <*-
  o"  )~   Version 2.9.20 GRE (Build 82)
   ''''    By Martin Roesch & The Snort Team: http://www.snort.org/contact#team
           Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
           Copyright (C) 1998-2013 Sourcefire, Inc., et al.
           Using libpcap version 1.10.3 (with TPACKET_V3)
           Using PCRE version: 8.45 2021-06-15
           Using ZLIB version: 1.2.12

           Rules Engine: SF_SNORT_DETECTION_ENGINE  Version 3.2  <Build 1>
           Preprocessor Object: appid  Version 1.1  <Build 5>
           Preprocessor Object: SF_S7COMMPLUS  Version 1.0  <Build 1>
           Preprocessor Object: SF_DNP3  Version 1.1  <Build 1>
           Preprocessor Object: SF_MODBUS  Version 1.1  <Build 1>
           Preprocessor Object: SF_GTP  Version 1.1  <Build 1>
           Preprocessor Object: SF_REPUTATION  Version 1.1  <Build 1>
           Preprocessor Object: SF_SIP  Version 1.1  <Build 1>
           Preprocessor Object: SF_SDF  Version 1.1  <Build 1>
           Preprocessor Object: SF_DCERPC2  Version 1.0  <Build 3>
           Preprocessor Object: SF_SSLPP  Version 1.1  <Build 4>
           Preprocessor Object: SF_DNS  Version 1.1  <Build 4>
           Preprocessor Object: SF_SSH  Version 1.1  <Build 3>
           Preprocessor Object: SF_SMTP  Version 1.1  <Build 9>
           Preprocessor Object: SF_IMAP  Version 1.0  <Build 1>
           Preprocessor Object: SF_POP  Version 1.0  <Build 1>
           Preprocessor Object: SF_FTPTELNET  Version 1.2  <Build 13>

Total snort Fixed Memory Cost - MaxRss:825960
Snort successfully validated the configuration!
Snort exiting

# snort -T -c /etc/snort/rules/snort.conf

[ Number of patterns truncated to 20 bytes: 916 ]

MaxRss at the end of detection rules:825960

--== Initialization Complete ==--

,,_ -*> Snort! <*-

o" )~ Version 2.9.20 GRE (Build 82)

'''' By Martin Roesch & The Snort Team: http://www.snort.org/contact#team

Using libpcap version 1.10.3 (with TPACKET_V3)

Using PCRE version: 8.45 2021-06-15

Using ZLIB version: 1.2.12

Rules Engine: SF_SNORT_DETECTION_ENGINE Version 3.2 <Build 1>

Preprocessor Object: appid Version 1.1 <Build 5>

Preprocessor Object: SF_S7COMMPLUS Version 1.0 <Build 1>

Preprocessor Object: SF_DNP3 Version 1.1 <Build 1>

Preprocessor Object: SF_MODBUS Version 1.1 <Build 1>

Preprocessor Object: SF_GTP Version 1.1 <Build 1>

Preprocessor Object: SF_REPUTATION Version 1.1 <Build 1>

Preprocessor Object: SF_SIP Version 1.1 <Build 1>

Preprocessor Object: SF_SDF Version 1.1 <Build 1>

Preprocessor Object: SF_DCERPC2 Version 1.0 <Build 3>

Preprocessor Object: SF_SSLPP Version 1.1 <Build 4>

Preprocessor Object: SF_DNS Version 1.1 <Build 4>

Preprocessor Object: SF_SSH Version 1.1 <Build 3>

Preprocessor Object: SF_SMTP Version 1.1 <Build 9>

Preprocessor Object: SF_IMAP Version 1.0 <Build 1>

Preprocessor Object: SF_POP Version 1.0 <Build 1>

Preprocessor Object: SF_FTPTELNET Version 1.2 <Build 13>

Total snort Fixed Memory Cost - MaxRss:825960

Snort successfully validated the configuration!

Snort exiting

8. Configuration Testing

①To test if Snort is logging alerts, add custom detection rule alerts for incoming ICMP connections to the local.rules file.

# vi /etc/snort/rules/local.rules

●Add the following line to the last line
alert icmp any any -> $HOME_NET any (msg:"ICMP test"; sid:10000001; rev:001;)

# vi /etc/snort/rules/local.rules

●Add the following line to the last line

alert icmp any any -> $HOME_NET any (msg:"ICMP test"; sid:10000001; rev:001;)

②Start Snort at the console and output alerts to stdout.
The correct network interface (e.g. ens160) must be selected

# snort -A console -i ens160 -u snort -g snort -c /etc/snort/snort.conf

With Snort up and running, ping from another computer. The terminal where Snort is running will display the following notification for each ICMP call

03/04-12:59:09.123471  [**] [1:10000001:1] ICMP test [**] [Priority: 0] {ICMP} 192.168.11.22 -> 192.168.11.83
03/04-12:59:09.123549  [**] [1:10000001:1] ICMP test [**] [Priority: 0] {ICMP} 192.168.11.83 -> 192.168.11.22
03/04-12:59:09.123866  [**] [1:10000001:1] ICMP test [**] [Priority: 0] {ICMP} 192.168.11.22 -> 192.168.11.83
03/04-12:59:09.123905  [**] [1:10000001:1] ICMP test [**] [Priority: 0] {ICMP} 192.168.11.83 -> 192.168.11.22
03/04-12:59:10.145661  [**] [1:10000001:1] ICMP test [**] [Priority: 0] {ICMP} 192.168.11.22 -> 192.168.11.83
03/04-12:59:10.145742  [**] [1:10000001:1] ICMP test [**] [Priority: 0] {ICMP} 192.168.11.83 -> 192.168.11.22
03/04-12:59:10.146056  [**] [1:10000001:1] ICMP test [**] [Priority: 0] {ICMP} 192.168.11.22 -> 192.168.11.83
03/04-12:59:10.146094  [**] [1:10000001:1] ICMP test [**] [Priority: 0] {ICMP} 192.168.11.83 -> 192.168.11.22

# snort -A console -i ens160 -u snort -g snort -c /etc/snort/snort.conf

With Snort up and running, ping from another computer. The terminal where Snort is running will display the following notification for each ICMP call

03/04-12:59:09.123471 [**] [1:10000001:1] ICMP test [**] [Priority: 0] {ICMP} 192.168.11.22 -> 192.168.11.83

03/04-12:59:09.123549 [**] [1:10000001:1] ICMP test [**] [Priority: 0] {ICMP} 192.168.11.83 -> 192.168.11.22

03/04-12:59:09.123866 [**] [1:10000001:1] ICMP test [**] [Priority: 0] {ICMP} 192.168.11.22 -> 192.168.11.83

03/04-12:59:09.123905 [**] [1:10000001:1] ICMP test [**] [Priority: 0] {ICMP} 192.168.11.83 -> 192.168.11.22

03/04-12:59:10.145661 [**] [1:10000001:1] ICMP test [**] [Priority: 0] {ICMP} 192.168.11.22 -> 192.168.11.83

03/04-12:59:10.145742 [**] [1:10000001:1] ICMP test [**] [Priority: 0] {ICMP} 192.168.11.83 -> 192.168.11.22

03/04-12:59:10.146056 [**] [1:10000001:1] ICMP test [**] [Priority: 0] {ICMP} 192.168.11.22 -> 192.168.11.83

03/04-12:59:10.146094 [**] [1:10000001:1] ICMP test [**] [Priority: 0] {ICMP} 192.168.11.83 -> 192.168.11.22

9. Running Snort in the background

①Create a startup script for Snort

# vi /lib/systemd/system/snort.service

[Unit]
Description=Snort NIDS Daemon
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/snort -q -u snort -g snort -c /etc/snort/snort.conf -i ens160

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

# vi /lib/systemd/system/snort.service

[Unit]

Description=Snort NIDS Daemon

After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]

Type=simple

ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/snort -q -u snort -g snort -c /etc/snort/snort.conf -i ens160

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

②After defining the service, reload and run the systemctl daemon

# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl start snort

1 2	# systemctl daemon-reload # systemctl start snort

Suricata

SURICATA IDS/IPS is an open source IDS that monitors communications on the network and detects suspicious traffic.
The basic mechanism is signature-based, so it can detect predefined unauthorized communications. Suricata is also characterized by its ability to provide protection as well as detection.

1.Suricata Installation and Configuration

Enable the EPEL repository on your system.

①Suricata Install

#  dnf install suricata

1	# dnf install suricata

➁Version Check

# suricata -V
This is Suricata version 6.0.11 RELEASE

1 2	# suricata -V This is Suricata version 6.0.11 RELEASE

➂Determine interface and IP address where Suricata will inspect network packets

# ip --brief add
lo               UNKNOWN        127.0.0.1/8
ens160           UP             192.168.11.83/24

# ip --brief add

lo UNKNOWN 127.0.0.1/8

ens160 UP 192.168.11.83/24

④Edit configuration file

#  vi /etc/suricata/suricata.yaml

# Line 15 : In the "vars" section, define the network
HOME_NET: "[192.168.11.0/24]"
EXTRNAL_NET: "!$HOME_NET"

# Line 589 : Set interface name in "af-packet" section
af-packet:
    - interface: ens160

# vi /etc/suricata/suricata.yaml

# Line 15 : In the "vars" section, define the network

HOME_NET: "[192.168.11.0/24]"

EXTRNAL_NET: "!$HOME_NET"

# Line 589 : Set interface name in "af-packet" section

af-packet:

- interface: ens160

# vi /etc/sysconfig/suricata

# Line 8 :Specify interface
# Add options to be passed to the daemon
OPTIONS="-i ens160 --user suricata "

# vi /etc/sysconfig/suricata

# Line 8 :Specify interface

# Add options to be passed to the daemon

OPTIONS="-i ens160 --user suricata "

⑤Suricata rules update

# suricata-update

1	# suricata-update

⑥Activate Suricata

# systemctl enable --now suricata
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multiuser.target.wants/suricata.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/suricata.service.

1 2	# systemctl enable --now suricata Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multiuser.target.wants/suricata.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/suricata.service.

⑦Confirm Suricata startup

# systemctl status suricata

● suricata.service - Suricata Intrusion Detection Service
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/suricata.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
    Drop-In: /usr/lib/systemd/system/service.d
             mq10-timeout-abort.conf
     Active: active (running) since Wed 2023-04-26 13:53:56 JST; 1s ago
       Docs: man:suricata(1)
    Process: 1381 ExecStartPre=/bin/rm -f /var/run/suricata.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 1382 (Suricata-Main)
      Tasks: 1 (limit: 4591)
     Memory: 68.3M
        CPU: 1.743s
     CGroup: /system.slice/suricata.service
             mq1382 /sbin/suricata -c /etc/suricata/suricata.yaml --pidfile /var/run/suricata.pid -i ens160 --user suricata

Apr 26 13:53:56 Lepard systemd[1]: Starting suricata.service - Suricata Intrusion Detection Service...
Apr 26 13:53:56 Lepard systemd[1]: Started suricata.service - Suricata Intrusion Detection Service.
Apr 26 13:53:56 Lepard suricata[1382]: 26/4/2023 -- 13:53:56 - <Notice> - This is Suricata version 6.0.11 RELEASE running in

# systemctl status suricata

● suricata.service - Suricata Intrusion Detection Service

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/suricata.service; enabled; preset: disabled)

Drop-In: /usr/lib/systemd/system/service.d

mq10-timeout-abort.conf

Active: active (running) since Wed 2023-04-26 13:53:56 JST; 1s ago

Docs: man:suricata(1)

Process: 1381 ExecStartPre=/bin/rm -f /var/run/suricata.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Main PID: 1382 (Suricata-Main)

Tasks: 1 (limit: 4591)

Memory: 68.3M

CPU: 1.743s

CGroup: /system.slice/suricata.service

mq1382 /sbin/suricata -c /etc/suricata/suricata.yaml --pidfile /var/run/suricata.pid -i ens160 --user suricata

Apr 26 13:53:56 Lepard systemd[1]: Starting suricata.service - Suricata Intrusion Detection Service...

Apr 26 13:53:56 Lepard systemd[1]: Started suricata.service - Suricata Intrusion Detection Service.

Apr 26 13:53:56 Lepard suricata[1382]: 26/4/2023 -- 13:53:56 - <Notice> - This is Suricata version 6.0.11 RELEASE running in

Check Log

# tail /var/log/suricata/suricata.log

26/4/2023 -- 15:37:14 - <Info> - Running in live mode, activating unix socket
26/4/2023 -- 15:37:25 - <Info> - 1 rule files processed. 33476 rules successfully loaded, 0 rules failed
26/4/2023 -- 15:37:25 - <Info> - Threshold config parsed: 0 rule(s) found
26/4/2023 -- 15:37:26 - <Info> - 33479 signatures processed. 1264 are IP-only rules, 5196 are inspecting packet payload, 26814 inspect application layer, 108 are decoder event only
26/4/2023 -- 15:37:34 - <Info> - Going to use 4 thread(s)
26/4/2023 -- 15:37:34 - <Info> - Running in live mode, activating unix socket
26/4/2023 -- 15:37:34 - <Info> - Using unix socket file '/var/run/suricata/suricata-command.socket'
26/4/2023 -- 15:37:34 - <Notice> - all 4 packet processing threads, 4 management threads initialized, engine started.
26/4/2023 -- 15:37:34 - <Info> - All AFP capture threads are running.
26/4/2023 -- 15:37:34 - <Error> - [ERRCODE: SC_ERR_FATAL(171)] - Hyperscan returned error -1

# tail /var/log/suricata/suricata.log

26/4/2023 -- 15:37:14 - <Info> - Running in live mode, activating unix socket

26/4/2023 -- 15:37:25 - <Info> - 1 rule files processed. 33476 rules successfully loaded, 0 rules failed

26/4/2023 -- 15:37:25 - <Info> - Threshold config parsed: 0 rule(s) found

26/4/2023 -- 15:37:26 - <Info> - 33479 signatures processed. 1264 are IP-only rules, 5196 are inspecting packet payload, 26814 inspect application layer, 108 are decoder event only

26/4/2023 -- 15:37:34 - <Info> - Going to use 4 thread(s)

26/4/2023 -- 15:37:34 - <Info> - Running in live mode, activating unix socket

26/4/2023 -- 15:37:34 - <Info> - Using unix socket file '/var/run/suricata/suricata-command.socket'

26/4/2023 -- 15:37:34 - <Notice> - all 4 packet processing threads, 4 management threads initialized, engine started.

26/4/2023 -- 15:37:34 - <Info> - All AFP capture threads are running.

26/4/2023 -- 15:37:34 - <Error> - [ERRCODE: SC_ERR_FATAL(171)] - Hyperscan returned error -1

If you get "- [ERRCODE: SC_ERR_FATAL(171)] - Hyperscan returned error -1" and hangs up as shown at the end above, you need to update Hyperscan.
Update as follows

# wget https://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/FEDORA-2023-b4e0e66067
# dnf upgrade --refresh --advisory=FEDORA-2023-b4e0e66067

1 2	# wget https://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/FEDORA-2023-b4e0e66067 # dnf upgrade --refresh --advisory=FEDORA-2023-b4e0e66067

Again

# tail /var/log/suricata/suricata.log
26/4/2023 -- 16:06:04 - <Info> - Found an MTU of 1500 for 'ens160'
26/4/2023 -- 16:06:04 - <Info> - Found an MTU of 1500 for 'ens160'
26/4/2023 -- 16:06:04 - <Info> - dropped the caps for main thread
26/4/2023 -- 16:06:04 - <Info> - fast output device (regular) initialized: fast.log
26/4/2023 -- 16:06:04 - <Info> - eve-log output device (regular) initialized: eve.json
26/4/2023 -- 16:06:04 - <Info> - stats output device (regular) initialized: stats.log
26/4/2023 -- 16:06:04 - <Info> - Running in live mode, activating unix socket
26/4/2023 -- 16:06:16 - <Info> - 1 rule files processed. 33476 rules successfully loaded, 0 rules failed
26/4/2023 -- 16:06:16 - <Info> - Threshold config parsed: 0 rule(s) found
26/4/2023 -- 16:06:16 - <Info> - 33479 signatures processed. 1264 are IP-only rules, 5196 are inspecting packet payload, 26814 inspect application layer, 108 are decoder event only

# tail /var/log/suricata/suricata.log

26/4/2023 -- 16:06:04 - <Info> - Found an MTU of 1500 for 'ens160'

26/4/2023 -- 16:06:04 - <Info> - dropped the caps for main thread

26/4/2023 -- 16:06:04 - <Info> - fast output device (regular) initialized: fast.log

26/4/2023 -- 16:06:04 - <Info> - eve-log output device (regular) initialized: eve.json

26/4/2023 -- 16:06:04 - <Info> - stats output device (regular) initialized: stats.log

26/4/2023 -- 16:06:04 - <Info> - Running in live mode, activating unix socket

26/4/2023 -- 16:06:16 - <Info> - 1 rule files processed. 33476 rules successfully loaded, 0 rules failed

26/4/2023 -- 16:06:16 - <Info> - Threshold config parsed: 0 rule(s) found

26/4/2023 -- 16:06:16 - <Info> - 33479 signatures processed. 1264 are IP-only rules, 5196 are inspecting packet payload, 26814 inspect application layer, 108 are decoder event only

Check the stats.log file for statistics (updated every 8 seconds by default)

# tail -f /var/log/suricata/stats.log

1	# tail -f /var/log/suricata/stats.log

A more advanced output, EVE JSON, can be generated with the following command

# tail -f /var/log/suricata/eve.json

1	# tail -f /var/log/suricata/eve.json

3.Suricata Testing

①Run ping test with curl utility

# curl http://testmynids.org/uid/index.html
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)

1 2	# curl http://testmynids.org/uid/index.html uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)

②Check the alert log to see if it has been logged

# cat /var/log/suricata/fast.log

04/26/2023-16:26:39.689266  [**] [1:2260002:1] SURICATA Applayer Detect protocol only one direction [**] [Classification: Generic Protocol Command Decode] [Priority: 3] {TCP} 192.168.11.83:25 -> 80.94.95.203:5960
04/26/2023-16:26:40.474148  [**] [1:2220000:1] SURICATA SMTP invalid reply [**] [Classification: Generic Protocol Command Decode] [Priority: 3] {TCP} 192.168.11.83:25 -> 87.246.7.230:15986

# cat /var/log/suricata/fast.log

04/26/2023-16:26:39.689266 [**] [1:2260002:1] SURICATA Applayer Detect protocol only one direction [**] [Classification: Generic Protocol Command Decode] [Priority: 3] {TCP} 192.168.11.83:25 -> 80.94.95.203:5960

04/26/2023-16:26:40.474148 [**] [1:2220000:1] SURICATA SMTP invalid reply [**] [Classification: Generic Protocol Command Decode] [Priority: 3] {TCP} 192.168.11.83:25 -> 87.246.7.230:15986

4.Setting Suricata Rules

①Display of rule sets packaged in Suricata

# ls -al /var/lib/suricata/rules/

total 24136
drwxr-s--- 2 root     suricata       57 Apr 26 15:32 .
drwxrws--- 4 suricata suricata       33 Apr 26 13:48 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root     suricata     3228 Apr 26 15:32 classification.config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root     suricata 24708415 Apr 26 15:32 suricata.rules

# ls -al /var/lib/suricata/rules/

total 24136

drwxr-s--- 2 root suricata 57 Apr 26 15:32 .

drwxrws--- 4 suricata suricata 33 Apr 26 13:48 ..

-rw-r--r-- 1 root suricata 3228 Apr 26 15:32 classification.config

-rw-r--r-- 1 root suricata 24708415 Apr 26 15:32 suricata.rules

②Index list of sources providing rule sets

# suricata-update list-sources

Name: et/open
  Vendor: Proofpoint
  Summary: Emerging Threats Open Ruleset
  License: MIT
Name: et/pro
  Vendor: Proofpoint
  Summary: Emerging Threats Pro Ruleset
  License: Commercial
  Replaces: et/open
  Parameters: secret-code
  Subscription: https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/et-pro-ruleset
Name: oisf/trafficid
  Vendor: OISF
  Summary: Suricata Traffic ID ruleset
  License: MIT
Name: scwx/enhanced
  Vendor: Secureworks
  Summary: Secureworks suricata-enhanced ruleset
  License: Commercial
  Parameters: secret-code
  Subscription: https://www.secureworks.com/contact/ (Please reference CTU Countermeasures)
Name: scwx/malware
  Vendor: Secureworks
  Summary: Secureworks suricata-malware ruleset
  License: Commercial
  Parameters: secret-code
  Subscription: https://www.secureworks.com/contact/ (Please reference CTU Countermeasures)
Name: scwx/security
  Vendor: Secureworks
  Summary: Secureworks suricata-security ruleset
  License: Commercial
  Parameters: secret-code
  Subscription: https://www.secureworks.com/contact/ (Please reference CTU Countermeasures)
Name: sslbl/ssl-fp-blacklist
  Vendor: Abuse.ch
  Summary: Abuse.ch SSL Blacklist
  License: Non-Commercial
Name: sslbl/ja3-fingerprints
  Vendor: Abuse.ch
  Summary: Abuse.ch Suricata JA3 Fingerprint Ruleset
  License: Non-Commercial
Name: etnetera/aggressive
  Vendor: Etnetera a.s.
  Summary: Etnetera aggressive IP blacklist
  License: MIT
Name: tgreen/hunting
  Vendor: tgreen
  Summary: Threat hunting rules
  License: GPLv3
Name: malsilo/win-malware
  Vendor: malsilo
  Summary: Commodity malware rules
  License: MIT
Name: stamus/lateral
  Vendor: Stamus Networks
  Summary: Lateral movement rules
  License: GPL-3.0-only

# suricata-update list-sources

Name: et/open

Vendor: Proofpoint

Summary: Emerging Threats Open Ruleset

License: MIT

Name: et/pro

Vendor: Proofpoint

Summary: Emerging Threats Pro Ruleset

License: Commercial

Replaces: et/open

Parameters: secret-code

Subscription: https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/et-pro-ruleset

Name: oisf/trafficid

Vendor: OISF

Summary: Suricata Traffic ID ruleset

License: MIT

Name: scwx/enhanced

Vendor: Secureworks

Summary: Secureworks suricata-enhanced ruleset

License: Commercial

Parameters: secret-code

Subscription: https://www.secureworks.com/contact/ (Please reference CTU Countermeasures)

Name: scwx/malware

Vendor: Secureworks

Summary: Secureworks suricata-malware ruleset

License: Commercial

Parameters: secret-code

Subscription: https://www.secureworks.com/contact/ (Please reference CTU Countermeasures)

Name: scwx/security

Vendor: Secureworks

Summary: Secureworks suricata-security ruleset

License: Commercial

Parameters: secret-code

Subscription: https://www.secureworks.com/contact/ (Please reference CTU Countermeasures)

Name: sslbl/ssl-fp-blacklist

Vendor: Abuse.ch

Summary: Abuse.ch SSL Blacklist

License: Non-Commercial

Name: sslbl/ja3-fingerprints

Vendor: Abuse.ch

Summary: Abuse.ch Suricata JA3 Fingerprint Ruleset

License: Non-Commercial

Name: etnetera/aggressive

Vendor: Etnetera a.s.

Summary: Etnetera aggressive IP blacklist

License: MIT

Name: tgreen/hunting

Vendor: tgreen

Summary: Threat hunting rules

License: GPLv3

Name: malsilo/win-malware

Vendor: malsilo

Summary: Commodity malware rules

License: MIT

Name: stamus/lateral

Vendor: Stamus Networks

Summary: Lateral movement rules

License: GPL-3.0-only

③Enable source (if et/open is enabled)

# suricata-update enable-source et/open

26/4/2023 -- 16:30:39 - <Info> -- Using data-directory /var/lib/suricata.
26/4/2023 -- 16:30:39 - <Info> -- Using Suricata configuration /etc/suricata/suricata.yaml
26/4/2023 -- 16:30:39 - <Info> -- Using /usr/share/suricata/rules for Suricata provided rules.
26/4/2023 -- 16:30:39 - <Info> -- Found Suricata version 6.0.11 at /usr/sbin/suricata.
26/4/2023 -- 16:30:39 - <Info> -- Creating directory /var/lib/suricata/update/sources
26/4/2023 -- 16:30:39 - <Info> -- Source et/open enabled

# suricata-update enable-source et/open

26/4/2023 -- 16:30:39 - <Info> -- Using data-directory /var/lib/suricata.

26/4/2023 -- 16:30:39 - <Info> -- Using Suricata configuration /etc/suricata/suricata.yaml

26/4/2023 -- 16:30:39 - <Info> -- Using /usr/share/suricata/rules for Suricata provided rules.

26/4/2023 -- 16:30:39 - <Info> -- Found Suricata version 6.0.11 at /usr/sbin/suricata.

26/4/2023 -- 16:30:39 - <Info> -- Creating directory /var/lib/suricata/update/sources

26/4/2023 -- 16:30:39 - <Info> -- Source et/open enabled

Perform update

# suricata-update

1	# suricata-update

Restart Suricata service

# systemctl restart suricata

1	# systemctl restart suricata

5.Creating Suricata Custom Rules

①Create files containing customer rules

# vi /etc/suricata/rules/local.rules
Include the following information
alert icmp any any -> $HOME_NET any (msg:"ICMP Ping"; sid:1; rev:1;)

# vi /etc/suricata/rules/local.rules

Include the following information

alert icmp any any -> $HOME_NET any (msg:"ICMP Ping"; sid:1; rev:1;)

②Edit configuration file(Define the path to the above local.rules)

# vi /etc/suricata/suricata.yaml

# Added around line 1924
default-rule-path: /var/lib/suricata/rules

rule-files:
  - suricata.rules
  - /etc/suricata/rules/local.rules

# vi /etc/suricata/suricata.yaml

# Added around line 1924

default-rule-path: /var/lib/suricata/rules

rule-files:

- suricata.rules

- /etc/suricata/rules/local.rules

③Testing the configuration file

# suricata -T -c /etc/suricata/suricata.yaml -v

26/4/2023 -- 16:32:53 - <Info> - Running suricata under test mode
26/4/2023 -- 16:32:53 - <Notice> - This is Suricata version 6.0.11 RELEASE running in SYSTEM mode
26/4/2023 -- 16:32:53 - <Info> - CPUs/cores online: 4
26/4/2023 -- 16:32:53 - <Info> - fast output device (regular) initialized: fast.log
26/4/2023 -- 16:32:53 - <Info> - eve-log output device (regular) initialized: eve.json
26/4/2023 -- 16:32:53 - <Info> - stats output device (regular) initialized: stats.log
26/4/2023 -- 16:33:04 - <Info> - 2 rule files processed. 33477 rules successfully loaded, 0 rules failed
26/4/2023 -- 16:33:04 - <Info> - Threshold config parsed: 0 rule(s) found
26/4/2023 -- 16:33:04 - <Info> - 33480 signatures processed. 1265 are IP-only rules, 5196 are inspecting packet payload, 26814 inspect application layer, 108 are decoder event only
26/4/2023 -- 16:33:12 - <Notice> - Configuration provided was successfully loaded. Exiting.
26/4/2023 -- 16:33:13 - <Info> - cleaning up signature grouping structure... complete

# suricata -T -c /etc/suricata/suricata.yaml -v

26/4/2023 -- 16:32:53 - <Info> - Running suricata under test mode

26/4/2023 -- 16:32:53 - <Notice> - This is Suricata version 6.0.11 RELEASE running in SYSTEM mode

26/4/2023 -- 16:32:53 - <Info> - CPUs/cores online: 4

26/4/2023 -- 16:32:53 - <Info> - fast output device (regular) initialized: fast.log

26/4/2023 -- 16:32:53 - <Info> - eve-log output device (regular) initialized: eve.json

26/4/2023 -- 16:32:53 - <Info> - stats output device (regular) initialized: stats.log

26/4/2023 -- 16:33:04 - <Info> - 2 rule files processed. 33477 rules successfully loaded, 0 rules failed

26/4/2023 -- 16:33:04 - <Info> - Threshold config parsed: 0 rule(s) found

26/4/2023 -- 16:33:04 - <Info> - 33480 signatures processed. 1265 are IP-only rules, 5196 are inspecting packet payload, 26814 inspect application layer, 108 are decoder event only

26/4/2023 -- 16:33:12 - <Notice> - Configuration provided was successfully loaded. Exiting.

26/4/2023 -- 16:33:13 - <Info> - cleaning up signature grouping structure... complete

Restart Suricat service

# systemctl restart suricata

1	# systemctl restart suricata

④Testing the application of Custom Rules

Ping another device on the same local network to see if it was logged

# cat /var/log/suricata/fast.log

04/26/2023-16:34:19.344482  [**] [1:1:1] ICMP Ping [**] [Classification: (null)] [Priority: 3] {ICMP} 192.168.11.22:8 -> 192.168.11.83:0
04/26/2023-16:34:19.344577  [**] [1:1:1] ICMP Ping [**] [Classification: (null)] [Priority: 3] {ICMP} 192.168.11.83:0 -> 192.168.11.22:0
04/26/2023-16:34:28.794097  [**] [1:1:1] ICMP Ping [**] [Classification: (null)] [Priority: 3] {ICMP} 192.168.11.1:11 -> 192.168.11.83:0
04/26/2023-16:34:29.411163  [**] [1:2260002:1] SURICATA Applayer Detect protocol only one direction [**] [Classification: Generic Protocol Command Decode] [Priority: 3] {TCP} 192.168.11.83:25 -> 80.94.95.203:2916
04/26/2023-16:34:30.369791  [**] [1:2260002:1] SURICATA Applayer Detect protocol only one direction [**] [Classification: Generic Protocol Command Decode] [Priority: 3] {TCP} 192.168.11.83:25 -> 87.246.7.230:35682

# cat /var/log/suricata/fast.log

04/26/2023-16:34:19.344482 [**] [1:1:1] ICMP Ping [**] [Classification: (null)] [Priority: 3] {ICMP} 192.168.11.22:8 -> 192.168.11.83:0

04/26/2023-16:34:19.344577 [**] [1:1:1] ICMP Ping [**] [Classification: (null)] [Priority: 3] {ICMP} 192.168.11.83:0 -> 192.168.11.22:0

04/26/2023-16:34:28.794097 [**] [1:1:1] ICMP Ping [**] [Classification: (null)] [Priority: 3] {ICMP} 192.168.11.1:11 -> 192.168.11.83:0

04/26/2023-16:34:29.411163 [**] [1:2260002:1] SURICATA Applayer Detect protocol only one direction [**] [Classification: Generic Protocol Command Decode] [Priority: 3] {TCP} 192.168.11.83:25 -> 80.94.95.203:2916

04/26/2023-16:34:30.369791 [**] [1:2260002:1] SURICATA Applayer Detect protocol only one direction [**] [Classification: Generic Protocol Command Decode] [Priority: 3] {TCP} 192.168.11.83:25 -> 87.246.7.230:35682

To get logs in JSON format, install jq on your system

# dnf install jq
# systemctl restart suricata

1 2	# dnf install jq # systemctl restart suricata

Execute the following command to ping another device on the same local network

# tail -f /var/log/suricata/eve.json | jq 'select(.event_type=="alert")'
When ping is executed, the following is displayed in the console
{
  "timestamp": "2023-04-26T16:36:10.577241+0900",
  "flow_id": 1209779886935769,
  "in_iface": "ens160",
  "event_type": "alert",
  "src_ip": "192.168.11.22",
  "src_port": 0,
  "dest_ip": "192.168.11.83",
  "dest_port": 0,
  "proto": "ICMP",
  "icmp_type": 8,
  "icmp_code": 0,
  "alert": {
    "action": "allowed",
    "gid": 1,
    "signature_id": 1,
    "rev": 1,
    "signature": "ICMP Ping",
    "category": "",
    "severity": 3
  },
  "flow": {
    "pkts_toserver": 1,
    "pkts_toclient": 0,
    "bytes_toserver": 74,
    "bytes_toclient": 0,
    "start": "2023-04-26T16:36:10.577241+0900"
  }
}
{
  "timestamp": "2023-04-26T16:36:10.577301+0900",
  "flow_id": 1209779886935769,
  "in_iface": "ens160",
  "event_type": "alert",
  "src_ip": "192.168.11.83",
  "src_port": 0,
  "dest_ip": "192.168.11.22",
  "dest_port": 0,
  "proto": "ICMP",
  "icmp_type": 0,
  "icmp_code": 0,
  "alert": {
    "action": "allowed",
    "gid": 1,
    "signature_id": 1,
    "rev": 1,
    "signature": "ICMP Ping",
    "category": "",
    "severity": 3
  },
  "flow": {
    "pkts_toserver": 2,
    "pkts_toclient": 1,
    "bytes_toserver": 148,
    "bytes_toclient": 74,
    "start": "2023-04-26T16:36:10.577241+0900"
  }
}
{
  "timestamp": "2023-04-26T16:36:15.794200+0900",
  "in_iface": "ens160",
  "event_type": "alert",
  "src_ip": "192.168.11.1",
  "src_port": 0,
  "dest_ip": "192.168.11.83",
  "dest_port": 0,
  "proto": "ICMP",
  "icmp_type": 11,
  "icmp_code": 0,
  "alert": {
    "action": "allowed",
    "gid": 1,
    "signature_id": 1,
    "rev": 1,
    "signature": "ICMP Ping",
    "category": "",
    "severity": 3
  }
}

# tail -f /var/log/suricata/eve.json | jq 'select(.event_type=="alert")'

When ping is executed, the following is displayed in the console

{

"timestamp": "2023-04-26T16:36:10.577241+0900",

"flow_id": 1209779886935769,

"in_iface": "ens160",

"event_type": "alert",

"src_ip": "192.168.11.22",

"src_port": 0,

"dest_ip": "192.168.11.83",

"dest_port": 0,

"proto": "ICMP",

"icmp_type": 8,

"icmp_code": 0,

"alert": {

"action": "allowed",

"gid": 1,

"signature_id": 1,

"rev": 1,

"signature": "ICMP Ping",

"category": "",

"severity": 3

"flow": {

"pkts_toserver": 1,

"pkts_toclient": 0,

"bytes_toserver": 74,

"bytes_toclient": 0,

"start": "2023-04-26T16:36:10.577241+0900"

}

{

"timestamp": "2023-04-26T16:36:10.577301+0900",

"flow_id": 1209779886935769,

"in_iface": "ens160",

"event_type": "alert",

"src_ip": "192.168.11.83",

"src_port": 0,

"dest_ip": "192.168.11.22",

"dest_port": 0,

"proto": "ICMP",

"icmp_type": 0,

"icmp_code": 0,

"alert": {

"action": "allowed",

"gid": 1,

"signature_id": 1,

"rev": 1,

"signature": "ICMP Ping",

"category": "",

"severity": 3

"flow": {

"pkts_toserver": 2,

"pkts_toclient": 1,

"bytes_toserver": 148,

"bytes_toclient": 74,

"start": "2023-04-26T16:36:10.577241+0900"

}

{

"timestamp": "2023-04-26T16:36:15.794200+0900",

"in_iface": "ens160",

"event_type": "alert",

"src_ip": "192.168.11.1",

"src_port": 0,

"dest_ip": "192.168.11.83",

"dest_port": 0,

"proto": "ICMP",

"icmp_type": 11,

"icmp_code": 0,

"alert": {

"action": "allowed",

"gid": 1,

"signature_id": 1,

"rev": 1,

"signature": "ICMP Ping",

"category": "",

"severity": 3

}

Tripwire

1.Install

# dnf -y install tripwire

1	# dnf -y install tripwire

2.Passphrase setting

# tripwire-setup-keyfiles

----------------------------------------------
The Tripwire site and local passphrases are used to sign a  variety  of
files, such as the configuration, policy, and database files.

Passphrases should be at least 8 characters in length and contain  both
letters and numbers.

See the Tripwire manual for more information.

----------------------------------------------
Creating key files...

(When selecting a passphrase, keep in mind that good passphrases typically
have upper and lower case letters, digits and punctuation marks, and are
at least 8 characters in length.)

Enter the site keyfile passphrase:  ←Enter any "Site Passphrase"
Verify the site keyfile passphrase: ←Enter "Site Passphrase" again
Generating key (this may take several minutes)...Key generation complete.

(When selecting a passphrase, keep in mind that good passphrases typically
have upper and lower case letters, digits and punctuation marks, and are
at least 8 characters in length.)

Enter the local keyfile passphrase:  ←Enter any "local passphrase"
Verify the local keyfile passphrase: ←Enter "Local Passphrase" again
Generating key (this may take several minutes)...Key generation complete.

----------------------------------------------
Signing configuration file...
Please enter your site passphrase:  ←Enter "Site Passphrase"
Wrote configuration file: /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg

A clear-text version of the Tripwire configuration file:
/etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt
has been preserved for your inspection.  It  is  recommended  that  you
move this file to a secure location and/or encrypt it in place (using a
tool such as GPG, for example) after you have examined it.


----------------------------------------------
Signing policy file...
Please enter your site passphrase:  ←Enter "Site Passphrase"
Wrote policy file: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol

A clear-text version of the Tripwire policy file:
/etc/tripwire/twpol.txt
has been preserved for  your  inspection.  This  implements  a  minimal
policy, intended only to test  essential  Tripwire  functionality.  You
should edit the policy file to  describe  your  system,  and  then  use
twadmin to generate a new signed copy of the Tripwire policy.

Once you have a satisfactory Tripwire policy file, you should move  the
clear-text version to a secure location  and/or  encrypt  it  in  place
(using a tool such as GPG, for example).

Now run "tripwire --init" to enter Database Initialization  Mode.  This
reads the policy file, generates a database based on its contents,  and
then cryptographically signs the resulting  database.  Options  can  be
entered on the command line to specify which policy, configuration, and
key files are used  to  create  the  database.  The  filename  for  the
database can be specified as well. If no  options  are  specified,  the
default values from the current configuration file are used.

# tripwire-setup-keyfiles

----------------------------------------------

The Tripwire site and local passphrases are used to sign a variety of

files, such as the configuration, policy, and database files.

Passphrases should be at least 8 characters in length and contain both

letters and numbers.

See the Tripwire manual for more information.

----------------------------------------------

Creating key files...

(When selecting a passphrase, keep in mind that good passphrases typically

have upper and lower case letters, digits and punctuation marks, and are

at least 8 characters in length.)

Enter the site keyfile passphrase: ←Enter any "Site Passphrase"

Verify the site keyfile passphrase: ←Enter "Site Passphrase" again

Generating key (this may take several minutes)...Key generation complete.

(When selecting a passphrase, keep in mind that good passphrases typically

have upper and lower case letters, digits and punctuation marks, and are

at least 8 characters in length.)

Enter the local keyfile passphrase: ←Enter any "local passphrase"

Verify the local keyfile passphrase: ←Enter "Local Passphrase" again

Generating key (this may take several minutes)...Key generation complete.

----------------------------------------------

Signing configuration file...

Please enter your site passphrase: ←Enter "Site Passphrase"

Wrote configuration file: /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg

A clear-text version of the Tripwire configuration file:

/etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt

has been preserved for your inspection. It is recommended that you

move this file to a secure location and/or encrypt it in place (using a

tool such as GPG, for example) after you have examined it.

----------------------------------------------

Signing policy file...

Please enter your site passphrase: ←Enter "Site Passphrase"

Wrote policy file: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol

A clear-text version of the Tripwire policy file:

/etc/tripwire/twpol.txt

has been preserved for your inspection. This implements a minimal

policy, intended only to test essential Tripwire functionality. You

should edit the policy file to describe your system, and then use

twadmin to generate a new signed copy of the Tripwire policy.

Once you have a satisfactory Tripwire policy file, you should move the

clear-text version to a secure location and/or encrypt it in place

(using a tool such as GPG, for example).

Now run "tripwire --init" to enter Database Initialization Mode. This

reads the policy file, generates a database based on its contents, and

then cryptographically signs the resulting database. Options can be

entered on the command line to specify which policy, configuration, and

key files are used to create the database. The filename for the

database can be specified as well. If no options are specified, the

default values from the current configuration file are used.

3.Tripwire Configuration

①Configuration File Edit

# vi /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt

●Per line 9
Add "#" at the beginning of the line and "LOOSEDIRECTORYCHECKING =true" on the line below it
●Per line 12
Add "#" at the beginning of the line and "REPORTLEVEL =4" on the line below it.
Level 4 provides the most detailed report of the five levels from "0" to "4".
#REPORTLEVEL =3
REPORTLEVEL =4

# vi /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt

●Per line 9

Add "#" at the beginning of the line and "LOOSEDIRECTORYCHECKING =true" on the line below it

●Per line 12

Add "#" at the beginning of the line and "REPORTLEVEL =4" on the line below it.

Level 4 provides the most detailed report of the five levels from "0" to "4".

#REPORTLEVEL =3

REPORTLEVEL =4

②Create a Tripwire configuration file (cryptographically signed version)

# twadmin -m F -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg -S /etc/tripwire/site.key /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt
Please enter your site passphrase: ←Enter site passphrase"
Wrote configuration file: /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg

# twadmin -m F -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg -S /etc/tripwire/site.key /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt

Please enter your site passphrase: ←Enter site passphrase"

Wrote configuration file: /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg

③Delete Tripwire configuration file (text version)

# rm -f /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt

1	# rm -f /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt

④Policy File Settings

# cd /etc/tripwire/
# vi twpolmake.pl

1 2	# cd /etc/tripwire/ # vi twpolmake.pl

Contents of twpolmake.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl
# Tripwire Policy File customize tool
#
$POLFILE=$ARGV[0];

open(POL,"$POLFILE") or die "open error: $POLFILE" ;
my($myhost,$thost) ;
my($sharp,$tpath,$cond) ;
my($INRULE) = 0 ;

while (<POL>) {
chomp;
if (($thost) = /^HOSTNAME\s*=\s*(.*)\s*;/) {
$myhost = `hostname` ; chomp($myhost) ;
if ($thost ne $myhost) {
$_="HOSTNAME=\"$myhost\";" ;
}
}
elsif ( /^{/ ) {
$INRULE=1 ;
}
elsif ( /^}/ ) {
$INRULE=0 ;
}
elsif ($INRULE == 1 and ($sharp,$tpath,$cond) = /^(\s*\#?\s*)(\/\S+)\b(\s+->\s+.+)$/) {
$ret = ($sharp =~ s/\#//g) ;
if ($tpath eq '/sbin/e2fsadm' ) {
$cond =~ s/;\s+(tune2fs.*)$/; \#$1/ ;
}
if (! -s $tpath) {
$_ = "$sharp#$tpath$cond" if ($ret == 0) ;
}
else {
$_ = "$sharp$tpath$cond" ;
}
}
print "$_\n" ;
}
close(POL) ;

#!/usr/bin/perl

# Tripwire Policy File customize tool

$POLFILE=$ARGV[0];

open(POL,"$POLFILE") or die "open error: $POLFILE" ;

my($myhost,$thost) ;

my($sharp,$tpath,$cond) ;

my($INRULE) = 0 ;

while (<POL>) {

chomp;

if (($thost) = /^HOSTNAME\s*=\s*(.*)\s*;/) {

$myhost = `hostname` ; chomp($myhost) ;

if ($thost ne $myhost) {

$_="HOSTNAME=\"$myhost\";" ;

}

elsif ( /^{/ ) {

$INRULE=1 ;

}

elsif ( /^}/ ) {

$INRULE=0 ;

}

elsif ($INRULE == 1 and ($sharp,$tpath,$cond) = /^(\s*\#?\s*)(\/\S+)\b(\s+->\s+.+)$/) {

$ret = ($sharp =~ s/\#//g) ;

if ($tpath eq '/sbin/e2fsadm' ) {

$cond =~ s/;\s+(tune2fs.*)$/; \#$1/ ;

}

if (! -s $tpath) {

$_ = "$sharp#$tpath$cond" if ($ret == 0) ;

}

else {

$_ = "$sharp$tpath$cond" ;

}

print "$_\n" ;

}

close(POL) ;

⑤Policy File Optimizations

# perl /etc/tripwire/twpolmake.pl /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt > /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt.new

1	# perl /etc/tripwire/twpolmake.pl /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt > /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt.new

⑥Create policy file (cryptographically signed version) based on optimized policy file

# twadmin -m P -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg -p /etc/tripwire/tw.pol -S /etc/tripwire/site.key /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt.new

Please enter your site passphrase: ←Enter local passphrase
Wrote policy file: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol

# twadmin -m P -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg -p /etc/tripwire/tw.pol -S /etc/tripwire/site.key /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt.new

Please enter your site passphrase: ←Enter local passphrase

Wrote policy file: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol

⑦Create database and check operation

# tripwire -m i -s -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg
Please enter your local passphrase: ←Enter local passphrase

1 2	# tripwire -m i -s -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg Please enter your local passphrase: ←Enter local passphrase

Create test files

# echo test > /root/test.txt

1	# echo test > /root/test.txt

Check Tripwire operation

# tripwire -m c -s -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg
OK if it appears as follows

Open Source Tripwire(R) 2.4.3.7 Integrity Check Report

Report generated by:          root
Report created on:            Wed 26 Apr 2023 06:46:15 PM JST
Database last updated on:     Never

===============================================================================
Report Summary:
===============================================================================

Host name:                    Lepard
Host IP address:              192.168.11.83
Host ID:                      None
Policy file used:             /etc/tripwire/tw.pol
Configuration file used:      /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg
Database file used:           /var/lib/tripwire/Lepard.twd
Command line used:            tripwire -m c -s -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg

===============================================================================
Rule Summary:
===============================================================================

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Section: Unix File System
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Rule Name                       Severity Level    Added    Removed  Modified
  ---------                       --------------    -----    -------  --------
  User binaries                   66                0        0        0
  Tripwire Binaries               100               0        0        0
  Libraries                       66                0        0        0
  Operating System Utilities      100               0        0        0
  File System and Disk Administraton Programs
                                  100               0        0        0
  Kernel Administration Programs  100               0        0        0
  Networking Programs             100               0        0        0
  System Administration Programs  100               0        0        0
  Hardware and Device Control Programs
                                  100               0        0        0
  System Information Programs     100               0        0        0
  (/sbin/runlevel)
  Application Information Programs
                                  100               0        0        0
  (/sbin/rtmon)
  Critical Utility Sym-Links      100               0        0        0
  Shell Binaries                  100               0        0        0
  Critical system boot files      100               0        0        0
* Tripwire Data Files             100               1        0        0
  System boot changes             100               0        0        0
  OS executables and libraries    100               0        0        0
  Security Control                100               0        0        0
  Login Scripts                   100               0        0        0
  Critical configuration files    100               0        0        0
* Root config files               100               1        0        0
  Invariant Directories           66                0        0        0
  Temporary directories           33                0        0        0
  Critical devices                100               0        0        0

Total objects scanned:  42529
Total violations found:  2

===============================================================================
Object Summary:
===============================================================================

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Section: Unix File System
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule Name: Tripwire Data Files (/var/lib/tripwire)
Severity Level: 100
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Added:
"/var/lib/tripwire/Lepard.twd"

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule Name: Root config files (/root)
Severity Level: 100
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Added:
"/root/test.txt"

===============================================================================
Error Report:
===============================================================================

No Errors

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** End of report ***

Open Source Tripwire 2.4 Portions copyright 2000-2018 Tripwire, Inc.  Tripwire is a registered
trademark of Tripwire, Inc. This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY;
for details use --version. This is free software which may be redistributed
or modified only under certain conditions; see COPYING for details.
All rights reserved.

100

101

102

# tripwire -m c -s -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg

OK if it appears as follows

Open Source Tripwire(R) 2.4.3.7 Integrity Check Report

Report generated by: root

Report created on: Wed 26 Apr 2023 06:46:15 PM JST

Database last updated on: Never

===============================================================================

Report Summary:

===============================================================================

Host name: Lepard

Host IP address: 192.168.11.83

Host ID: None

Policy file used: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol

Configuration file used: /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg

Database file used: /var/lib/tripwire/Lepard.twd

Command line used: tripwire -m c -s -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg

===============================================================================

Rule Summary:

===============================================================================

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Section: Unix File System

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule Name Severity Level Added Removed Modified

--------- -------------- ----- ------- --------

User binaries 66 0 0 0

Tripwire Binaries 100 0 0 0

Libraries 66 0 0 0

Operating System Utilities 100 0 0 0

File System and Disk Administraton Programs

100 0 0 0

Kernel Administration Programs 100 0 0 0

Networking Programs 100 0 0 0

System Administration Programs 100 0 0 0

Hardware and Device Control Programs

100 0 0 0

System Information Programs 100 0 0 0

(/sbin/runlevel)

Application Information Programs

100 0 0 0

(/sbin/rtmon)

Critical Utility Sym-Links 100 0 0 0

Shell Binaries 100 0 0 0

Critical system boot files 100 0 0 0

* Tripwire Data Files 100 1 0 0

System boot changes 100 0 0 0

OS executables and libraries 100 0 0 0

Security Control 100 0 0 0

Critical configuration files 100 0 0 0

* Root config files 100 1 0 0

Invariant Directories 66 0 0 0

Temporary directories 33 0 0 0

Critical devices 100 0 0 0

Total objects scanned: 42529

Total violations found: 2

===============================================================================

Object Summary:

===============================================================================

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Section: Unix File System

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule Name: Tripwire Data Files (/var/lib/tripwire)

Severity Level: 100

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Added:

"/var/lib/tripwire/Lepard.twd"

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule Name: Root config files (/root)

Severity Level: 100

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Added:

"/root/test.txt"

===============================================================================

Error Report:

===============================================================================

No Errors

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

*** End of report ***

trademark of Tripwire, Inc. This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY;

for details use --version. This is free software which may be redistributed

or modified only under certain conditions; see COPYING for details.

Delete test files

# rm -f /root/test.txt

1	# rm -f /root/test.txt

⑧Tripwire Scheduled Scripts

# cd /var/www/system
# vi tripwire.sh

1 2	# cd /var/www/system # vi tripwire.sh

Contents of tripwire.sh

#!/bin/bash

PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/tripwire/sbin

# Passphrase setting
LOCALPASS= ←local passphrase
SITEPASS= 　←site passphrase

cd /etc/tripwire

# Tripwire check run
tripwire -m c -s -c tw.cfg|mail -s "Tripwire(R) Integrity Check Report in `hostname`" root

# Policy File Update
twadmin -m p -c tw.cfg -p tw.pol -S site.key > twpol.txt
perl twpolmake.pl twpol.txt > twpol.txt.new
twadmin -m P -c tw.cfg -p tw.pol -S site.key -Q $SITEPASS twpol.txt.new > /dev/null
rm -f twpol.txt* *.bak

# Database Update
rm -f /usr/local/tripwire/lib/tripwire/*.twd*
tripwire -m i -s -c tw.cfg -P $LOCALPASS

#!/bin/bash

PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/tripwire/sbin

# Passphrase setting

LOCALPASS= ←local passphrase

SITEPASS= 　←site passphrase

cd /etc/tripwire

# Tripwire check run

tripwire -m c -s -c tw.cfg|mail -s "Tripwire(R) Integrity Check Report in `hostname`" root

# Policy File Update

twadmin -m p -c tw.cfg -p tw.pol -S site.key > twpol.txt

perl twpolmake.pl twpol.txt > twpol.txt.new

twadmin -m P -c tw.cfg -p tw.pol -S site.key -Q $SITEPASS twpol.txt.new > /dev/null

rm -f twpol.txt* *.bak

# Database Update

rm -f /usr/local/tripwire/lib/tripwire/*.twd*

tripwire -m i -s -c tw.cfg -P $LOCALPASS

⑨Tripwire Autorun Script Execution Settings

# chmod 700 tripwire.sh

Add to cron
# crontab -e
0 3 * * * /var/www/system/tripwire.sh

# chmod 700 tripwire.sh

Add to cron

# crontab -e

0 3 * * * /var/www/system/tripwire.sh

Reference: Script for reporting results by e-mail

#!/bin/bash

PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/tripwire/sbin

# Passphrase setting
LOCALPASS=xxxxx # local passphrase
SITEPASS=xxxxx # site passphrase

#Specify e-mail address for notification
MAIL="<your mailaddress> "

cd /etc/tripwire

# Tripwire check run
tripwire -m c -s -c tw.cfg|mail -s "Tripwire(R) Integrity Check Report in `hostname`" $MAIL

# Policy File Update
twadmin -m p -c tw.cfg -p tw.pol -S site.key > twpol.txt
perl twpolmake.pl twpol.txt > twpol.txt.new
twadmin -m P -c tw.cfg -p tw.pol -S site.key -Q $SITEPASS twpol.txt.new > /dev/null
rm -f twpol.txt* *.bak

# Database update
rm -f /usr/local/tripwire/lib/tripwire/*.twd*
tripwire -m i -s -c tw.cfg -P $LOCALPASS

#!/bin/bash

PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/tripwire/sbin

# Passphrase setting

LOCALPASS=xxxxx # local passphrase

SITEPASS=xxxxx # site passphrase

#Specify e-mail address for notification

MAIL="<your mailaddress> "

cd /etc/tripwire

# Tripwire check run

tripwire -m c -s -c tw.cfg|mail -s "Tripwire(R) Integrity Check Report in `hostname`" $MAIL

# Policy File Update

twadmin -m p -c tw.cfg -p tw.pol -S site.key > twpol.txt

perl twpolmake.pl twpol.txt > twpol.txt.new

twadmin -m P -c tw.cfg -p tw.pol -S site.key -Q $SITEPASS twpol.txt.new > /dev/null

rm -f twpol.txt* *.bak

# Database update

rm -f /usr/local/tripwire/lib/tripwire/*.twd*

tripwire -m i -s -c tw.cfg -P $LOCALPASS

Confirmation that the results of the tripwire execution are notified to the specified e-mail address

# /var/www/system/tripwire.sh

1	# /var/www/system/tripwire.sh

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