Debian12.1_en

1.Debian12 OverviewIn this article, we will explain how to build a server with Debian, the basis of the user-friendly Linux distribution UBUNTU.The latest is Debian 12.0 (codenamed "bookworm"), released on June 10, 20232.Download Debian installation imageDebian12 download site  https://www.debian.org/Access the above official website and download "debian-12.0.0-amd64-netinst.iso." which is convenient for setup in an environment connected to the Internet.（Fits on a single CD）NETINST allows you to download and install the necessary packages from the Internet, so you can use a smaller installer than a full installer.Click through the following screens in order.

1. System Backup1.1 Backup under /var/www/html①　Create backup_all.sh script under /opt/script1.2 MariaDB database backup①Create db_backup.sh script under /opt/script# vi /opt/script/db_backup.shdb_backup.sh script contents2. System Restore2.1 Restore backup files under HTML① Store HTML backup files used for backup in the "/ (root)" directorySelect the backup file with the latest timestamp (e.g. www_back_20220501.tar.gz)2.2 Restore MariaDB database①Save DB backup file to any directory and extract data# cd /var/www/backup/db_bak

SuricataSURICATA IDS/IPS is an open source IDS that monitors communications on the network and detects suspicious traffic.The basic mechanism is signature-based, so it can detect predefined unauthorized communications. Suricata is also characterized by its ability to provide protection as well as detection. Logwatch,Chkrootkit,Disk Usage Check Script install

Open source integrated monitoring software "Nagios Server" installedNagios is an open source monitoring solution running on Linux.Nagios is designed to periodically check critical network, application, or server parameters.These parameters include microprocessor load, number of running processes, log files, disk and memory usage, as well as many other services such as SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3), etc. can be checked.These parameters require a microprocessor load, a database such as PHP or MySQL to run Nagois, and a web server such as Apache or Nginx. We will proceed under the assumption that all of these have already been configured

1. MariaDB1.1 Install1.4. MariaDB Server Security SettingsMariaDB comes with a default security script, mariadb-secure-installation, which can be used to improve the security of your MariaDB installation, includingSet a password for the root account (if necessary).Disable remote root login to the database.Delete anonymous user accounts.Delete the test database to which anonymous users have access by default.2.WordPress2.1 Database CreationCreate a database for Word Press (for example, in this case, the database name is "wp_db", the user name is "wp_user", and the password is "?Y123456y")

Web server Apache2 installationAllow http:80 and https:443 ports in UFW before installation3.  Apache2; Using Perl ScriptsEnable CGI to make Perl scripts available①Install Perl4 Apache2 : Using PHP Scripts①Install PHP5. Virtual Host SettingsCopy the default configuration file (file name is arbitrary, in this case vhost-yourdomain.conf as an example) and configure the virtual host6. Digest authentication with Apache2Since Basic Authentication, a well-known authentication authorization method for http, sends authentication information in plain text, there is a risk of ID and password leakage if the packet is intercepted.On the other hand, Digest Authentication encrypts and transmits authentication information, so there is almost no risk of information leakage.

1. Obtain a certificate (Let's Encrypt)1.1 advance preparation①Enable mod_ssl# a2enmod ssl2. SSL/TLS (Let's Encrypt) configuration for Apache2①Edit Apache2 SSL-related configuration files3. SSL/TLS (Let's Encrypt) settings on the mail server3.1 Obtaining a certificate for the mail serverObtain a certificate for the mail server, but it cannot be obtained in the same way as above, so the following with the "--standalone" option fails.

1.Antivirus software Clamav installedInstall Clam AntiVirus, a free anti-virus software for Linux, as an anti-virus measure.By installing this anti-virus software, you can not only scan the entire server for viruses, but also scan incoming and outgoing mail for viruses if you build and configure a mail server.2. Mail server installationPostfix was developed as a Mail Transport Agent (MTA) to replace sendmail, and is a mail server that is highly compatible with sendmail, secure, easy to maintain, and fast.In addition, since Postfix only functions as an SMTP server for sending mail, the POP server Dovecot for receiving mail will be installed separately in the latter half.3 Applied ClamAV to mail server PostfixSet up Postfix and Clamav to work together to scan incoming and outgoing mail in real time.4 Apply spam checks to the mail server4.1 Spam checking using spamassassin and procmail①spamassassin and procmail installation

1. Install NTP server2. Install FTP Server2.1 Install Vsftpd

Create public and private key pairsCreate a public/private key pair for a user connecting to a Linux server using OpenSSH.Use ssh-keygen to create the key pair.This time, we will create a key set using the RSA cipher used in the SSH protocol Version 2.The creation of a public/private key pair is performed with remote login user privileges (e.g., huong).If you do not specify the destination and file name, id_rsa and id_rsa.pub will be created in /home/huong/.ssh/. On the way, enter the password for the key.

1. SSH Service Security SettingsThe SSH service allows the root user to log in by default, and since the root user already knows the user name and can log in to the server with administrative privileges once the password is known, we will deny this setting.1.1 Creating a General UserIf you have created a general user when installing Debian, this procedure is not necessary.If the only user created on the server is root, remote login via SSH will not be possible, so if a user has not been created during OS installation, a user must be created in advance.Users can be created with the "useradd" command. The "-m" option creates a home directory and the "-p" option specifies the password.For example, to set "debianuser" as the user account name and "123456" as the password, execute the following

1.Installing and configuring the vim editorDebian has "nano" as the default editor. nano is somewhat difficult to use, and there are few environments where it is used, so we will introduce the procedure for changing the editor to "vim".。1.1 Check vim packageDebian has vim installed by default, but it is a package called "vim-tiny", which is a less functional version. Let's check the installed vim package.Debian uses the "dpkg" command to check packages. The "-l" option displays a list of packages.Since the "dpkg" command as is will show all packages installed on the system, we will use the "grep" command to extract only those packages that contain the string "vim". Execute as follows