OpenSUSE15.5 ; Tripwire, Logwatch Install

Contents

1. Tripwire
2. Logwatch

1. Tripwire

Tripwire is a host-based intrusion detection system (IDS) that monitors files and directories and notifies you when changes are made.

1.1 Install and configuration

①Install

# cd /usr/local/src
# wget https://rpmfind.net/linux/epel/8/Everything/x86_64/Packages/t/tripwire-2.4.3.7-5.el8.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -Uvh tripwire-2.4.3.7-5.el8.x86_64.rpm

# cd /usr/local/src

# wget https://rpmfind.net/linux/epel/8/Everything/x86_64/Packages/t/tripwire-2.4.3.7-5.el8.x86_64.rpm

# rpm -Uvh tripwire-2.4.3.7-5.el8.x86_64.rpm

② Passphrase Settings

# tripwire-setup-keyfiles
----------------------------------------------
The Tripwire site and local passphrases are used to sign a variety of
files, such as the configuration, policy, and database files.
Passphrases should be at least 8 characters in length and contain both
letters and numbers.
See the Tripwire manual for more information.
----------------------------------------------
Creating key files...
(When selecting a passphrase, keep in mind that good passphrases typically
have upper and lower case letters, digits and punctuation marks, and are
at least 8 characters in length.)
Enter the site keyfile passphrase: ←Enter any "Site Passphrase"
Verify the site keyfile passphrase: ←Enter any "Site Passphrase"
Generating key (this may take several minutes)...Key generation complete.
(When selecting a passphrase, keep in mind that good passphrases typically
have upper and lower case letters, digits and punctuation marks, and are
at least 8 characters in length.)
Enter the local keyfile passphrase: ←Enter any "local passphrase"
Verify the local keyfile passphrase: ←Enter any "local passphrase"
Generating key (this may take several minutes)...Key generation complete.
----------------------------------------------
Signing configuration file...
Please enter your site passphrase: ←Enter "Site Passphrase"
Wrote configuration file: /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg
A clear-text version of the Tripwire configuration file:
/etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt
has been preserved for your inspection. It is recommended that you
move this file to a secure location and/or encrypt it in place (using a
tool such as GPG, for example) after you have examined it.
----------------------------------------------
Signing policy file...
Please enter your site passphrase: ←Enter "Site Passphrase"
Wrote policy file: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol
A clear-text version of the Tripwire policy file:
/etc/tripwire/twpol.txt
～中略～
default values from the current configuration file are used.

# tripwire-setup-keyfiles

----------------------------------------------

The Tripwire site and local passphrases are used to sign a variety of

files, such as the configuration, policy, and database files.

Passphrases should be at least 8 characters in length and contain both

letters and numbers.

See the Tripwire manual for more information.

----------------------------------------------

Creating key files...

(When selecting a passphrase, keep in mind that good passphrases typically

have upper and lower case letters, digits and punctuation marks, and are

at least 8 characters in length.)

Enter the site keyfile passphrase: ←Enter any "Site Passphrase"

Verify the site keyfile passphrase: ←Enter any "Site Passphrase"

Generating key (this may take several minutes)...Key generation complete.

(When selecting a passphrase, keep in mind that good passphrases typically

have upper and lower case letters, digits and punctuation marks, and are

at least 8 characters in length.)

Enter the local keyfile passphrase: ←Enter any "local passphrase"

Verify the local keyfile passphrase: ←Enter any "local passphrase"

Generating key (this may take several minutes)...Key generation complete.

----------------------------------------------

Signing configuration file...

Please enter your site passphrase: ←Enter "Site Passphrase"

Wrote configuration file: /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg

A clear-text version of the Tripwire configuration file:

/etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt

has been preserved for your inspection. It is recommended that you

move this file to a secure location and/or encrypt it in place (using a

tool such as GPG, for example) after you have examined it.

----------------------------------------------

Signing policy file...

Please enter your site passphrase: ←Enter "Site Passphrase"

Wrote policy file: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol

A clear-text version of the Tripwire policy file:

/etc/tripwire/twpol.txt

～中略～

default values from the current configuration file are used.

③ Tripwire Configuration

# vi /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt
■Per Line 9
Add "#" at the beginning of the line and "LOOSEDIRECTORYCHECKING =true" on the line below it.
LOOSEDIRECTORYCHECKING =true
■Per Line 12
Add "#" at the beginning of the line and "REPORTLEVEL =4" on the line below it.
#REPORTLEVEL =3
REPORTLEVEL =4

# vi /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt

■Per Line 9

Add "#" at the beginning of the line and "LOOSEDIRECTORYCHECKING =true" on the line below it.

LOOSEDIRECTORYCHECKING =true

■Per Line 12

Add "#" at the beginning of the line and "REPORTLEVEL =4" on the line below it.

#REPORTLEVEL =3

REPORTLEVEL =4

④ Create a Tripwire configuration file (cryptographically signed version)

# twadmin -m F -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg -S /etc/tripwire/site.key /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt
Please enter your site passphrase: ←Enter site passphrase
Wrote configuration file: /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg

# twadmin -m F -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg -S /etc/tripwire/site.key /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt

Please enter your site passphrase: ←Enter site passphrase

Wrote configuration file: /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg

⑤Delete Tripwire configuration file (text version)

# rm -f /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt

1	# rm -f /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt

Reference) To restore the Tripwire configuration file (text version), execute the following command

# twadmin -m f -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg > /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt

1	# twadmin -m f -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg > /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt

⑥ Policy File Settings

# cd /etc/tripwire/
# vi twpolmake.txt

1 2	# cd /etc/tripwire/ # vi twpolmake.txt

Contents of twpolmake.txt

#!/usr/bin/perl
# Tripwire Policy File customize tool
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
# as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
# of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
# Usage:
# perl twpolmake.pl {Pol file}
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
#
$POLFILE=$ARGV[0];open(POL,"$POLFILE") or die "open error: $POLFILE" ;
my($myhost,$thost) ;
my($sharp,$tpath,$cond) ;
my($INRULE) = 0 ;while (<POL>) {
chomp;
if (($thost) = /^HOSTNAME\s*=\s*(.*)\s*;/) {
$myhost = `hostname` ; chomp($myhost) ;
if ($thost ne $myhost) {
$_="HOSTNAME=\"$myhost\";" ;
}
}
elsif ( /^{/ ) {
$INRULE=1 ;
}
elsif ( /^}/ ) {
$INRULE=0 ;
}
elsif ($INRULE == 1 and ($sharp,$tpath,$cond) = /^(\s*\#?\s*)(\/\S+)\b(\s+->\s+.+)$/) {
$ret = ($sharp =~ s/\#//g) ;
if ($tpath eq '/sbin/e2fsadm' ) {
$cond =~ s/;\s+(tune2fs.*)$/; \#$1/ ;
}
if (! -s $tpath) {
$_ = "$sharp#$tpath$cond" if ($ret == 0) ;
}
else {
$_ = "$sharp$tpath$cond" ;
}
}
print "$_\n" ;
}
close(POL) ;

#!/usr/bin/perl

# Tripwire Policy File customize tool

# ----------------------------------------------------------------

# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or

# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License

# as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2

# of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the

# GNU General Public License for more details.

# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software

# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.

# ----------------------------------------------------------------

# Usage:

# perl twpolmake.pl {Pol file}

# ----------------------------------------------------------------

$POLFILE=$ARGV[0];open(POL,"$POLFILE") or die "open error: $POLFILE" ;

my($myhost,$thost) ;

my($sharp,$tpath,$cond) ;

my($INRULE) = 0 ;while (<POL>) {

chomp;

if (($thost) = /^HOSTNAME\s*=\s*(.*)\s*;/) {

$myhost = `hostname` ; chomp($myhost) ;

if ($thost ne $myhost) {

$_="HOSTNAME=\"$myhost\";" ;

}

elsif ( /^{/ ) {

$INRULE=1 ;

}

elsif ( /^}/ ) {

$INRULE=0 ;

}

elsif ($INRULE == 1 and ($sharp,$tpath,$cond) = /^(\s*\#?\s*)(\/\S+)\b(\s+->\s+.+)$/) {

$ret = ($sharp =~ s/\#//g) ;

if ($tpath eq '/sbin/e2fsadm' ) {

$cond =~ s/;\s+(tune2fs.*)$/; \#$1/ ;

}

if (! -s $tpath) {

$_ = "$sharp#$tpath$cond" if ($ret == 0) ;

}

else {

$_ = "$sharp$tpath$cond" ;

}

print "$_\n" ;

}

close(POL) ;

⑦ Policy File Optimizations

# mv twpolmake.txt twpolmake.pl
# perl /etc/tripwire/twpolmake.pl /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt > /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt.new

1 2	# mv twpolmake.txt twpolmake.pl # perl /etc/tripwire/twpolmake.pl /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt > /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt.new

⑧ Create policy file (cryptographically signed version) based on optimized policy file

# twadmin -m P -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg -p /etc/tripwire/tw.pol -S /etc/tripwire/site.key /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt.new

Please enter your site passphrase: ←Enter site passphrase
Wrote policy file: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol

# twadmin -m P -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg -p /etc/tripwire/tw.pol -S /etc/tripwire/site.key /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt.new

Please enter your site passphrase: ←Enter site passphrase

Wrote policy file: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol

Delete policy file (text version)

# rm -f /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt*

1	# rm -f /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt*

⑨ Create database and check operation

# tripwire -m i -s -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg
Please enter your local passphrase: ←Enter local passphrase

1 2	# tripwire -m i -s -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg Please enter your local passphrase: ←Enter local passphrase

Create test files

# echo test > /root/test.txt

1	# echo test > /root/test.txt

Check Tripwire operation

# tripwire -m c -s -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg

1	# tripwire -m c -s -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg

If successful, the following will be displayed

Open Source Tripwire(R) 2.4.3.7 Integrity Check Report

Report generated by:          root
Report created on:            Wed Jun 14 21:24:53 2023
Database last updated on:     Never

===============================================================================
Report Summary:
===============================================================================

Host name:                    Lepard
Host IP address:              192.168.11.83
Host ID:                      None
Policy file used:             /etc/tripwire/tw.pol
Configuration file used:      /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg
Database file used:           /var/lib/tripwire/Lepard.twd
Command line used:            tripwire -m c -s -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg

===============================================================================
Rule Summary:
===============================================================================
・・・・・omission・・・・・・
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Added:
"/root/test.txt"

===============================================================================
Error Report:
===============================================================================

No Errors

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** End of report ***

Open Source Tripwire 2.4 Portions copyright 2000-2018 Tripwire, Inc.  Tripwire is a registered
trademark of Tripwire, Inc. This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY;
for details use --version. This is free software which may be redistributed
or modified only under certain conditions; see COPYING for details.
All rights reserved.

Open Source Tripwire(R) 2.4.3.7 Integrity Check Report

Report generated by: root

Report created on: Wed Jun 14 21:24:53 2023

Database last updated on: Never

===============================================================================

Report Summary:

===============================================================================

Host name: Lepard

Host IP address: 192.168.11.83

Host ID: None

Policy file used: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol

Configuration file used: /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg

Database file used: /var/lib/tripwire/Lepard.twd

Command line used: tripwire -m c -s -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg

===============================================================================

Rule Summary:

===============================================================================

・・・・・omission・・・・・・

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Added:

"/root/test.txt"

===============================================================================

Error Report:

===============================================================================

No Errors

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

*** End of report ***

trademark of Tripwire, Inc. This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY;

for details use --version. This is free software which may be redistributed

or modified only under certain conditions; see COPYING for details.

Delete test files

# rm -f /root/test.txt

1	# rm -f /root/test.txt

1.2 Run Tripwire regularly

①Creation of auto-execution scripts

# cd /srv/www/system
# vi tripwire.sh

1 2	# cd /srv/www/system # vi tripwire.sh

Contents of "tripwire.sh"

#!/bin/bash

PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/tripwire/sbin

# Passphrase setting
LOCALPASS= xxxxxxxx # Local passphrase
SITEPASS= xxxxxxxx # Site passphrase

cd /etc/tripwire

# Tripwire check run
tripwire -m c -s -c tw.cfg|mail -s "Tripwire(R) Integrity Check Report in `hostname`" root

# Policy File Update
twadmin -m p -c tw.cfg -p tw.pol -S site.key > twpol.txt
perl twpolmake.pl twpol.txt > twpol.txt.new
twadmin -m P -c tw.cfg -p tw.pol -S site.key -Q $SITEPASS twpol.txt.new > /dev/null
rm -f twpol.txt* *.bak

# Database Update
rm -f /usr/local/tripwire/lib/tripwire/*.twd*
tripwire -m i -s -c tw.cfg -P $LOCALPASS

#!/bin/bash

PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/tripwire/sbin

# Passphrase setting

LOCALPASS= xxxxxxxx # Local passphrase

SITEPASS= xxxxxxxx # Site passphrase

cd /etc/tripwire

# Tripwire check run

tripwire -m c -s -c tw.cfg|mail -s "Tripwire(R) Integrity Check Report in `hostname`" root

# Policy File Update

twadmin -m p -c tw.cfg -p tw.pol -S site.key > twpol.txt

perl twpolmake.pl twpol.txt > twpol.txt.new

twadmin -m P -c tw.cfg -p tw.pol -S site.key -Q $SITEPASS twpol.txt.new > /dev/null

rm -f twpol.txt* *.bak

# Database Update

rm -f /usr/local/tripwire/lib/tripwire/*.twd*

tripwire -m i -s -c tw.cfg -P $LOCALPASS

# chmod 700 tripwire.sh

1	# chmod 700 tripwire.sh

②Add to cron to have Tripwire run periodically

# crontab -e
0 3 * * * /srv/www/system/tripwire.sh

1 2	# crontab -e 0 3 * * * /srv/www/system/tripwire.sh

Reference: Script for reporting results by e-mail

#!/bin/bash
PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/tripwire/sbin

# Passphrase setting
LOCALPASS=xxxxx # Local passphrase
SITEPASS=xxxxx # Site passphrase

#Email Address for Notification
MAIL="<your mail address> "

cd /etc/tripwire

# Tripwire check run
tripwire -m c -s -c tw.cfg|mail -s "Tripwire(R) Integrity Check Report in `hostname`" $MAIL

# Policy File Update
twadmin -m p -c tw.cfg -p tw.pol -S site.key > twpol.txt
perl twpolmake.pl twpol.txt > twpol.txt.new
twadmin -m P -c tw.cfg -p tw.pol -S site.key -Q $SITEPASS twpol.txt.new > /dev/null
rm -f twpol.txt* *.bak

# Database Update
rm -f /usr/local/tripwire/lib/tripwire/*.twd*
tripwire -m i -s -c tw.cfg -P $LOCALPASS

#!/bin/bash

PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/tripwire/sbin

# Passphrase setting

LOCALPASS=xxxxx # Local passphrase

SITEPASS=xxxxx # Site passphrase

#Email Address for Notification

MAIL="<your mail address> "

cd /etc/tripwire

# Tripwire check run

tripwire -m c -s -c tw.cfg|mail -s "Tripwire(R) Integrity Check Report in `hostname`" $MAIL

# Policy File Update

twadmin -m p -c tw.cfg -p tw.pol -S site.key > twpol.txt

perl twpolmake.pl twpol.txt > twpol.txt.new

twadmin -m P -c tw.cfg -p tw.pol -S site.key -Q $SITEPASS twpol.txt.new > /dev/null

rm -f twpol.txt* *.bak

# Database Update

rm -f /usr/local/tripwire/lib/tripwire/*.twd*

tripwire -m i -s -c tw.cfg -P $LOCALPASS

Execute the following command and confirm that the notification is delivered to the specified e-mail address

# /srv/www/system/tripwire.sh

1	# /srv/www/system/tripwire.sh

2. Logwatch

①Logwatch install

# zypper -n install logwatch

1	# zypper -n install logwatch

② Edit configuration file

# cat /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf >> /etc/logwatch/conf/logwatch.conf

1	# cat /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf >> /etc/logwatch/conf/logwatch.conf

# vi /etc/logwatch/conf/logwatch.conf
■ Per Line 53
Insert "#" at the beginning of the "MailTo = root" line and set the email address you want to receive notifications to the line below it.
#MailTo = root
MailTo = <mail.address>
■ Per Line 86
Set the level of detail for log notifications
#Detail = Low
Detail = High

# vi /etc/logwatch/conf/logwatch.conf

■ Per Line 53

Insert "#" at the beginning of the "MailTo = root" line and set the email address you want to receive notifications to the line below it.

#MailTo = root

MailTo = <mail.address>

■ Per Line 86

Set the level of detail for log notifications

#Detail = Low

Detail = High

③ Output Logwatch reports

# logwatch --output stdout

1	# logwatch --output stdout

④ Test to see if the report is delivered to the address you set.

# logwatch --output mail

1	# logwatch --output mail

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