Fedora41 ; WEB Server(Apache2)

Contents

1. Apache2 installation and virtual host configuration
2. Ensure CGI Script Usage
3. PHP installation and configuration
- 3.1.PHP Install
4. Digest authentication in Apache2
- 4.1 Create password file for Digest authentication
- 4.2 Edit Apache configuration file

1. Apache2 installation and virtual host configuration

1.1 Apache2 Install

①httpd Install

# dnf -y install httpd

Version Check
# httpd -v
Server version: Apache/2.4.62 (Fedora Linux)
Server built:   Aug  1 2024 00:00:00

# dnf -y install httpd

Version Check

# httpd -v

Server version: Apache/2.4.62 (Fedora Linux)

Server built: Aug 1 2024 00:00:00

1.2 Apache Configuration

①Edit httpd.conf file

# cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf_bak
# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
#Line 91 : Specify administrator address
ServerAdmin [Email Address]
 
#Per line 101: Change ServerName
#ServerName www.example.com:80
ServerName [Domain name]
 
#Line 149 : Change (Indexes are deleted)
Options FollowSymLinks
 
#Line 156 : Change
AllowOverride All
 
#Line 169 : File names accessible by directory name only
Add "index.php index.cgi index.htm"
 
#Add to the last line
ServerTokens Prod

# cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf_bak

# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

#Line 91 : Specify administrator address

ServerAdmin [Email Address]

#Per line 101: Change ServerName

#ServerName www.example.com:80

ServerName [Domain name]

#Line 149 : Change (Indexes are deleted)

Options FollowSymLinks

#Line 156 : Change

AllowOverride All

#Line 169 : File names accessible by directory name only

Add "index.php index.cgi index.htm"

#Add to the last line

ServerTokens Prod

②If Firewalld is enabled, HTTP service permission is required; use [80/TCP] for HTTP

# firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent
# firewall-cmd --reload

1 2	# firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent # firewall-cmd --reload

③Apache Auto-Start Configuration

# systemctl start httpd
# systemctl enable httpd
# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
    Drop-In: /usr/lib/systemd/system/service.d
             └─10-timeout-abort.conf
     Active: active (running) since Sun 2024-11-03 14:43:29 JST; 15s ago
 Invocation: 42d20ff5d63740ddb8e64e2ee5c6ab38
       Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
   Main PID: 3072 (httpd)
     Status: "Total requests: 0; Idle/Busy workers 100/0;Requests/sec: 0; Bytes served/sec:   0 B>
      Tasks: 177 (limit: 2251)
     Memory: 14.7M (peak: 15.1M)
        CPU: 114ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
             ├─3072 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             ├─3075 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             ├─3076 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             ├─3077 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             └─3079 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Nov 03 14:43:29 Lepard systemd[1]: Starting httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server...
Nov 03 14:43:29 Lepard (httpd)[3072]: httpd.service: Referenced but unset environment variable ev>
Nov 03 14:43:29 Lepard httpd[3072]: Server configured, listening on: port 80
Nov 03 14:43:29 Lepard systemd[1]: Started httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server.

# systemctl start httpd

# systemctl enable httpd

# systemctl status httpd

● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; preset: disabled)

Drop-In: /usr/lib/systemd/system/service.d

└─10-timeout-abort.conf

Active: active (running) since Sun 2024-11-03 14:43:29 JST; 15s ago

Invocation: 42d20ff5d63740ddb8e64e2ee5c6ab38

Docs: man:httpd.service(8)

Main PID: 3072 (httpd)

Status: "Total requests: 0; Idle/Busy workers 100/0;Requests/sec: 0; Bytes served/sec: 0 B>

Tasks: 177 (limit: 2251)

Memory: 14.7M (peak: 15.1M)

CPU: 114ms

CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service

├─3072 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

├─3075 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

├─3076 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

├─3077 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

└─3079 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Nov 03 14:43:29 Lepard systemd[1]: Starting httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server...

Nov 03 14:43:29 Lepard (httpd)[3072]: httpd.service: Referenced but unset environment variable ev>

Nov 03 14:43:29 Lepard httpd[3072]: Server configured, listening on: port 80

Nov 03 14:43:29 Lepard systemd[1]: Started httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server.

④operation check
If you access http://[server IP address] and the Fedora Webserver Test Page is displayed as shown below, it is OK.

Hide the Welcome page, create a new index.html file as a Test Page, and check apache operation

Rename the welcome page

# mv /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf.org

1	# mv /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf.org

Create HTML test page
# vi /var/www/html/index.html
<html>
<body>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: 40px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">
Apache Test Page
</div>
</body>
</html>

Create HTML test page

# vi /var/www/html/index.html

<html>

<body>

Apache Test Page

</div>

</body>

</html>

If you access "http://[server IP address]" and the Test Page is displayed as shown below, it is OK.

1.3 Virtual Host Settings

Assign and configure the [FQDN] to be operated on the virtual host in the document root [/var/www/html/FQDN] directory

# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/[FQDN]
ServerName [FQDN]
ServerAdmin [Email Address] ←Administrator Email Address
ErrorLog logs/[FQDN]-error_log
CustomLog logs/[FQDN]-access_log combined
</VirtualHost>

<Directory "/var/www/html/[FQDN]">
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
</Directory>

# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf

DocumentRoot /var/www/html/[FQDN]

ServerName [FQDN]

ServerAdmin [Email Address] ←Administrator Email Address

ErrorLog logs/[FQDN]-error_log

CustomLog logs/[FQDN]-access_log combined

</VirtualHost>

Options FollowSymLinks

AllowOverride All

</Directory>

Creating a Document Directory

# mkdir /var/www/html/[FQDN]

1	# mkdir /var/www/html/[FQDN]

Apache restart

# systemctl restart httpd

1	# systemctl restart httpd

Create test pages and check operation

# vi /var/www/html/[FQDN]/index.html
<html>
<body>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: 40px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">
Virtual Host Test Page
</div>
</body>
</html>

# vi /var/www/html/[FQDN]/index.html

<html>

<body>

Virtual Host Test Page

</div>

</body>

</html>

If you access http://[FQDN]/index.html with a browser, the following screen should appear.

2. Ensure CGI Script Usage

①Confirmation of CGI availability

# grep -n "^ *ScriptAlias" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
252:    ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"
The above is displayed and available under "/var/www/cgi-bin/".

# grep -n "^ *ScriptAlias" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

252: ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"

The above is displayed and available under "/var/www/cgi-bin/".

②Create test scripts and check operation

# vi /var/www/cgi-bin/index.cgi

#!/usr/bin/python3
print("Content-type: text/html\n")
print("CGI Script Test Page")

# vi /var/www/cgi-bin/index.cgi

#!/usr/bin/python3

print("Content-type: text/html\n")

print("CGI Script Test Page")

# chmod 755 /var/www/cgi-bin/index.cgi
# curl localhost/cgi-bin/index.cgi
CGI Script Test Page

# chmod 755 /var/www/cgi-bin/index.cgi

# curl localhost/cgi-bin/index.cgi

CGI Script Test Page

3. PHP installation and configuration

3.1.PHP Install

①Install

# dnf -y install php

1	# dnf -y install php

②Version Check

# php -v
PHP 8.3.13 (cli) (built: Oct 22 2024 18:39:14) (NTS gcc x86_64)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.3.13, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v8.3.13, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

# php -v

PHP 8.3.13 (cli) (built: Oct 22 2024 18:39:14) (NTS gcc x86_64)

Zend Engine v4.3.13, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies

with Zend OPcache v8.3.13, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

Configure php-fpm

# systemctl enable php-fpm
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service.

1 2	# systemctl enable php-fpm Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service.

# systemctl start php-fpm

1	# systemctl start php-fpm

③Apache restatrt
After PHP installation, restarting Apache will invoke PHP-FPM (FPM : FastCGI Process Manager) by default, and php-fpm service will be started in conjunction with httpd startup.

# systemctl restart httpd
# systemctl status php-fpm
● php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
    Drop-In: /usr/lib/systemd/system/service.d
             └─10-timeout-abort.conf
     Active: active (running) since Mon 2024-11-04 09:06:31 JST; 24s ago
 Invocation: 649226f15e934554920172ef6fef7fee
   Main PID: 2079 (php-fpm)
     Status: "Processes active: 0, idle: 5, Requests: 0, slow: 0, Traffic: 0.00req/sec"
      Tasks: 6 (limit: 2251)
     Memory: 11.1M (peak: 11.4M)
        CPU: 64ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/php-fpm.service
             ├─2079 "php-fpm: master process (/etc/php-fpm.conf)"
             ├─2080 "php-fpm: pool www"
             ├─2081 "php-fpm: pool www"
             ├─2082 "php-fpm: pool www"
             ├─2083 "php-fpm: pool www"
             └─2084 "php-fpm: pool www"

Nov 04 09:06:31 Lepard systemd[1]: Starting php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager...
Nov 04 09:06:31 Lepard systemd[1]: Started php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager.

# systemctl restart httpd

# systemctl status php-fpm

● php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service; enabled; preset: disabled)

Drop-In: /usr/lib/systemd/system/service.d

└─10-timeout-abort.conf

Active: active (running) since Mon 2024-11-04 09:06:31 JST; 24s ago

Invocation: 649226f15e934554920172ef6fef7fee

Main PID: 2079 (php-fpm)

Status: "Processes active: 0, idle: 5, Requests: 0, slow: 0, Traffic: 0.00req/sec"

Tasks: 6 (limit: 2251)

Memory: 11.1M (peak: 11.4M)

CPU: 64ms

CGroup: /system.slice/php-fpm.service

├─2079 "php-fpm: master process (/etc/php-fpm.conf)"

├─2080 "php-fpm: pool www"

├─2081 "php-fpm: pool www"

├─2082 "php-fpm: pool www"

├─2083 "php-fpm: pool www"

└─2084 "php-fpm: pool www"

Nov 04 09:06:31 Lepard systemd[1]: Starting php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager...

Nov 04 09:06:31 Lepard systemd[1]: Started php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager.

④Confirmation of PHP operation
Create the following file

# vi /var/www/html/[FQDN]/test.php
<?php phpinfo(); ?>

1 2	# vi /var/www/html/[FQDN]/test.php <?php phpinfo(); ?>

Access http://[FQDN]/test.php and if the following screen appears, OK

4. Digest authentication in Apache2

Since Basic Authentication, a well-known authentication authentication method for http, transmits authentication information in plain text, there is a risk of ID and password leakage if the packet is intercepted.
On the other hand, Digest Authentication encrypts the authentication information and sends it in encrypted form, so there is almost no risk of information leakage

4.1 Create password file for Digest authentication

Specify an authenticated area called realm. This realm allows the same directory to be accessed as authenticated.
As an example, we will create a user named "secretuser" and a password file ".digestauth" with "DigestAuth" as the realm. Execute the following command and enter the password for "secretuser" when prompted.

# /usr/bin/htdigest -c /etc/httpd/.digestauth "DigestAuth" secretuser

1	# /usr/bin/htdigest -c /etc/httpd/.digestauth "DigestAuth" secretuser

Confirmation

# cat /etc/httpd/.digestauth
secretuser:DigestAuth:xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

1 2	# cat /etc/httpd/.digestauth secretuser:DigestAuth:xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

As above, secretuser and encrypted password are created

4.2 Edit Apache configuration file

Specify the directory to which Digest authentication will be applied. (In this case, specify the secret directory.)

# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

1	# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Add the following at the end

<Directory "/var/www/html/[FQDN]/secret">
AuthType Digest
AuthName "DigestAuth"
AuthDigestDomain /[FQDN]/secret/
AuthUserFile "/etc/httpd/.digestauth"
Require valid-user
</Directory>