ArchLinux ; Installation #2 Disk Partitioning

ArchLinux ; Installation #2 Disk Partitioning (This page)
ArchLinux ; Installation #3 Initial settings during installation
uses ext4 for the file system
If you are installing on a btrfs file system, the following page summarizes the installation

ArchLinux ; Installation #4 How to install with btrfs file system

For installation with ext4 file system, please refer to the following pagehttps://korodes.com/arch_en_02/https://korodes.com/arch_en_03/1.Creating partitions1.1 Confirmation of installation deviceCheck the target device with the lsblk command

Contents

1. Partitioning the disk on which Arch Linux is installed
2. Format each partition
3. Install Arch Linux

1. Partitioning the disk on which Arch Linux is installed

This time, use gdisk command in UEFI mode and GPT for the partition table.
Check current disk information

# lsblk
NAME    MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
loop0     7:0    0 788.9M  1 loop /run/archiso/airootfs
sr0      11:0    1   1.1G  0 rom  /run/archiso/bootmnt
nvme0n1 259:0    0    30G  0 disk

# lsblk

NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS

loop0 7:0 0 788.9M 1 loop /run/archiso/airootfs

sr0 11:0 1 1.1G 0 rom /run/archiso/bootmnt

nvme0n1 259:0 0 30G 0 disk

In the above case, a 30 GB virtual HDD was created on VmwareWorkstion, so the SIZE of the nvme0n1 is set to 30 GB.
The sda in the NAME line is the name of the device that represents the entire disk and will be partitioned to this sda.
This time, create an EFI partition and a partition for Arch Linux, but not a swap partition.
In the past, a partition was created for swap and allocated as swap, but now a "swap file" can be used without a swap partition.
A "swap file" is a method of creating a single file of any size for swap and using that area as swap, which can be created, deleted, and resized.

For GPT

# gdisk /dev/nvme0n1
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.10

Partition table scan:
  MBR: not present
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: not present

Creating new GPT entries in memory.

# gdisk /dev/nvme0n1

GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.10

Partition table scan:

MBR: not present

BSD: not present

APM: not present

GPT: not present

Creating new GPT entries in memory.

・Create an empty partition table with the command "o"

Command (? for help):o
This option deletes all partitions and creates a new protective MBR.
Proceed? (Y/N): Y

Command (? for help):o

This option deletes all partitions and creates a new protective MBR.

Proceed? (Y/N): Y

・Create EFI system partition
"n" command to add a partition

Command (? for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1):
First sector (34-62914526, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Last sector (2048-62914526, default = 62912511) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +512M
Current type is 8300 (Linux filesystem)
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): ef00
Changed type of partition to 'EFI system partition'

Command (? for help): n

Partition number (1-128, default 1):

First sector (34-62914526, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:

Last sector (2048-62914526, default = 62912511) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +512M

Current type is 8300 (Linux filesystem)

Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): ef00

Changed type of partition to 'EFI system partition'

・Create partition for Arch Linux
"n" command to add a partition

Command (? for help): n
Partition number (2-128, default 2):
First sector (34-62914526, default = 1050624) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Last sector (1050624-62914526, default = 62912511) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Current type is 8300 (Linux filesystem)
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 8300
Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'

Command (? for help): n

Partition number (2-128, default 2):

First sector (34-62914526, default = 1050624) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:

Last sector (1050624-62914526, default = 62912511) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:

Current type is 8300 (Linux filesystem)

Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 8300

Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'

・Write partition table to disk
Use the "w" command

Command (? for help): w

Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!

Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): Y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/nvme0n1.
The operation has completed successfully.

Command (? for help): w

Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING

PARTITIONS!!

Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): Y

OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/nvme0n1.

The operation has completed successfully.

2. Format each partition

・Formatting the EFI System Partition

# mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/nvme0n1p1
mkfs.fat 4.2 (2021-01-31)

1 2	# mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/nvme0n1p1 mkfs.fat 4.2 (2021-01-31)

・Formatting partitions for Arch Linux
File systems that can be used with Linux include ext4 and XFS, but use the stable ext4 file system.

# mkfs.ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p2
mke2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
/dev/nvme0n1 contains a vfat file system
Proceed anyway? (y,N) y
Creating filesystem with 7864320 4k blocks and 1966080 inodes
Filesystem UUID: ae90b5e9-eada-4e19-9ef7-1d03f312384a
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

# mkfs.ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p2

mke2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)

/dev/nvme0n1 contains a vfat file system

Proceed anyway? (y,N) y

Creating filesystem with 7864320 4k blocks and 1966080 inodes

Filesystem UUID: ae90b5e9-eada-4e19-9ef7-1d03f312384a

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

4096000

Allocating group tables: done

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

3. Install Arch Linux

3.1 Connect to the Internet

The files (packages) to be installed must be downloaded from the Internet, so you must first connect to the Internet on the installation system. (In most cases, if you have a wired LAN, the connection is made automatically at startup.
Connection Confirmation

# ping -c 4 archlinux.jp

PING archlinux.jp (160.16.119.98) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from tk2-235-27344.vs.sakura.ne.jp (160.16.119.98): icmp_seq=1 ttl=53 time=10.3 ms
64 bytes from tk2-235-27344.vs.sakura.ne.jp (160.16.119.98): icmp_seq=2 ttl=53 time=14.0 ms
64 bytes from tk2-235-27344.vs.sakura.ne.jp (160.16.119.98): icmp_seq=3 ttl=53 time=12.8 ms
64 bytes from tk2-235-27344.vs.sakura.ne.jp (160.16.119.98): icmp_seq=4 ttl=53 time=14.3 ms

--- archlinux.jp ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3005ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 10.274/12.834/14.327/1.589 ms

# ping -c 4 archlinux.jp

PING archlinux.jp (160.16.119.98) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from tk2-235-27344.vs.sakura.ne.jp (160.16.119.98): icmp_seq=1 ttl=53 time=10.3 ms

64 bytes from tk2-235-27344.vs.sakura.ne.jp (160.16.119.98): icmp_seq=2 ttl=53 time=14.0 ms

64 bytes from tk2-235-27344.vs.sakura.ne.jp (160.16.119.98): icmp_seq=3 ttl=53 time=12.8 ms

64 bytes from tk2-235-27344.vs.sakura.ne.jp (160.16.119.98): icmp_seq=4 ttl=53 time=14.3 ms

--- archlinux.jp ping statistics ---

4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3005ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 10.274/12.834/14.327/1.589 ms

3.2 Time setting
When downloading a package from the Internet, adjust the time from the Internet, as it may not be possible to download if the computer time is not correct.

# timedatectl set-ntp true

1	# timedatectl set-ntp true

3.3 Mounting partitions

・Mounting partitions for Arch Linux

 # mount /dev/nvme0n1p2 /mnt

1	# mount /dev/nvme0n1p2 /mnt

・Mounting the EFI System Partition
Mount the EFI system partition to /mnt/boot where the boot loader and Linux kernel will be installed

# mkdir /mnt/boot
# mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /mnt/boot

1 2	# mkdir /mnt/boot # mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /mnt/boot

3.4 Select Repository Server
・When using the reflector command

# reflector --sort rate --country jp --latest 10 --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

1	# reflector --sort rate --country jp --latest 10 --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

・To edit a mirror list
Open a mirror site for Country:Japan with the Pacman Mirrorlist Generator (https://archlinux.org/mirrorlist/) and you will find the following

##Japan
#Server = http://mirrors.cat.net/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
#Server = https://mirrors.cat.net/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
#Server = http://ftp.tsukuba.wide.ad.jp/Linux/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
#Server = http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/Linux/ArchLinux/$repo/os/$arch
#Server = https://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/Linux/ArchLinux/$repo/os/$arch
#Server = https://mirror.saebasol.org/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch

Delete the # at the beginning of these and paste them at the top of /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

3.5 Installing packages
At a minimum, you will need a base Linux kernel, firmware, a text editor (CUI), etc.
Others are useful tools that can be installed later when needed.

# pacstrap /mnt base base-devel linux linux-firmware networkmanager vi vim nano openssh dhcpcd netctl wget man-db man-pages

1	# pacstrap /mnt base base-devel linux linux-firmware networkmanager vi vim nano openssh dhcpcd netctl wget man-db man-pages

3.6 Setting up fstab
Describe information such as partitions to be automatically mounted at startup in the file /etc/fstab.

# genfstab /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

1	# genfstab /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

Check the contents of the fstab file

# vim /mnt/etc/fstab

# Static information about the filesystems.
# See fstab(5) for details.

# <file system> <dir> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# UUID=6d751983-f27b-4761-b2be-a97e73f46e47
/dev/nvme0n1p2          /               ext4            rw,relatime     0 1

# UUID=BC5A-3349
/dev/nvme0n1p1          /boot           vfat            rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=ascii,shortname=mixed,utf8,errors=remount-ro   0 2