OracleLinux9.1 : WEB Server (Apache)

Contents

1.Apache2 installation and virtual host configuration
2. Confirmation of CGI Script Usage
3. PHP installation and configuration
- 1.PHP install
4. Digest authentication with Apache2
- 4.1 Create password file for Digest authentication
- 4.2 Edit Apache configuration file

1.Apache2 installation and virtual host configuration

1.1 Apache2

①httpd install

# dnf -y install httpd

Version Check
# httpd -v
Server version: Apache/2.4.53 (Oracle Linux Server)
Server built:   Oct  3 2022 00:00:00

# dnf -y install httpd

Version Check

# httpd -v

Server version: Apache/2.4.53 (Oracle Linux Server)

Server built: Oct 3 2022 00:00:00

1.2 Apache Configuration

①Edit httpd.conf file

# cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf_bak

1	# cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf_bak

# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
●Line 91 : Specify administrator address
ServerAdmin <mail address>
●Add per line 101
「#ServerName www.example.com:80」
ServerName <domain name>
●Line 149 : Change (Indexes is deleted)
Options FollowSymLinks
●Line 156 : Change
AllowOverride All
●Line 169 : file name accessible only by directory name
Add "index.php index.cgi index.htm"
●Add to the last line
ServerTokens Prod

# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

●Line 91 : Specify administrator address

ServerAdmin <mail address>

●Add per line 101

「#ServerName www.example.com:80」

ServerName <domain name>

●Line 149 : Change (Indexes is deleted)

Options FollowSymLinks

●Line 156 : Change

AllowOverride All

●Line 169 : file name accessible only by directory name

Add "index.php index.cgi index.htm"

●Add to the last line

ServerTokens Prod

②If Firewalld is enabled, HTTP service permission is required; HTTP uses [80/TCP]

# firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent
# firewall-cmd --add-service=https --permanent
# firewall-cmd --reload

# firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent

# firewall-cmd --add-service=https --permanent

# firewall-cmd --reload

➂Apache Auto-Start Configuration

# systemctl start httpd
# systemctl enable httpd
# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor pre>
     Active: active (running) since Thu 2022-12-29 16:34:43 JST; 16s ago
       Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
   Main PID: 16378 (httpd)
     Status: "Total requests: 0; Idle/Busy workers 100/0;Requests/sec: 0; Bytes>
      Tasks: 102 (limit: 9393)
     Memory: 23.3M
        CPU: 102ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
             tq16378 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             tq16379 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             tq16380 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             tq16381 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             mq16382 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Dec 29 16:34:43 Lepard systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Dec 29 16:34:43 Lepard httpd[16378]: Server configured, listening on: port 80
Dec 29 16:34:43 Lepard systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.

# systemctl start httpd

# systemctl enable httpd

# systemctl status httpd

● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor pre>

Active: active (running) since Thu 2022-12-29 16:34:43 JST; 16s ago

Docs: man:httpd.service(8)

Main PID: 16378 (httpd)

Status: "Total requests: 0; Idle/Busy workers 100/0;Requests/sec: 0; Bytes>

Tasks: 102 (limit: 9393)

Memory: 23.3M

CPU: 102ms

CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service

tq16378 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

tq16379 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

tq16380 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

tq16381 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

mq16382 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Dec 29 16:34:43 Lepard systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...

Dec 29 16:34:43 Lepard httpd[16378]: Server configured, listening on: port 80

Dec 29 16:34:43 Lepard systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.

④operation check
If you access http://[server IP address] and you see the Oracle Apache2 Test Page as shown below, it is OK.

⑤Hide the Oracle Welcome page, create a new index.html file as a Test Page, and check the operation of apache.

Rename the welcome page

# mv /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf.org

1	# mv /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf.org

Create HTML test page

# vi /var/www/html/index.html
<html>
<body>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: 40px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">
Apache Test Page
</div>
</body>
</html>

# vi /var/www/html/index.html

<html>

<body>

Apache Test Page

</div>

</body>

</html>

If you access http://<server IP address> and the Test Page is displayed as shown below, it is OK.

1.3 Virtual Host Settings

Assign and configure the domain name [oracle.korodes.com] to the document root [/var/www/html/oracle.korodes.com] directory for virtual host operation

# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf
Virtual Host Domain Settings
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/oracle.korodes.com
ServerName oracle.korodes.com
ServerAdmin <Email Address>
ErrorLog logs/oracle.korodes.com-error_log
CustomLog logs/oracle.korodes.com-access_log combined
</VirtualHost>
<Directory "/var/www/html/oracle.korodes.com">
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
</Directory>

# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf

Virtual Host Domain Settings

DocumentRoot /var/www/html/oracle.korodes.com

ServerName oracle.korodes.com

ServerAdmin <Email Address>

ErrorLog logs/oracle.korodes.com-error_log

CustomLog logs/oracle.korodes.com-access_log combined

</VirtualHost>

Options FollowSymLinks

AllowOverride All

</Directory>

Creating a Document Directory

# mkdir /var/www/html/oracle.korodes.com

1	# mkdir /var/www/html/oracle.korodes.com

Restart Apache

# systemctl restart httpd

1	# systemctl restart httpd

2. Confirmation of CGI Script Usage

①Confirmation of CGI availability

# grep -n "^ *ScriptAlias" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
252:    ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"
The above is displayed and available under "/var/www/cgi-bin/".

# grep -n "^ *ScriptAlias" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

252: ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"

The above is displayed and available under "/var/www/cgi-bin/".

②Create test scripts and check operation

# vi /var/www/cgi-bin/index.cgi
#!/usr/bin/python3
print("Content-type: text/html\n")
print("CGI Script Test Page")

# vi /var/www/cgi-bin/index.cgi

#!/usr/bin/python3

print("Content-type: text/html\n")

print("CGI Script Test Page")

# chmod 755 /var/www/cgi-bin/index.cgi
# curl localhost/cgi-bin/index.cgi
CGI Script Test Page

# chmod 755 /var/www/cgi-bin/index.cgi

# curl localhost/cgi-bin/index.cgi

CGI Script Test Page

3. PHP installation and configuration

1.PHP install

①Install

# dnf -y install php php-mbstring php-pear

1	# dnf -y install php php-mbstring php-pear

②Version Check

# php -v
PHP 8.0.20 (cli) (built: Jun  8 2022 00:33:06) ( NTS gcc x86_64 )
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.0.20, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies

# php -v

PHP 8.0.20 (cli) (built: Jun 8 2022 00:33:06) ( NTS gcc x86_64 )

Zend Engine v4.0.20, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies

Upgrade to Php 8.1

EPEL and Remi repositories are required, so install them if you have not already done so.

# dnf -y install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-9.noarch.rpm
# dnf -y install https://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-9.rpm

1 2	# dnf -y install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-9.noarch.rpm # dnf -y install https://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-9.rpm

Stop PHP once

# dnf module disable php

1	# dnf module disable php

Installing PHP 8.1

# dnf module install php:remi-8.1

1	# dnf module install php:remi-8.1

php-fpm configuration

# systemctl enable php-fpm
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service.

1 2	# systemctl enable php-fpm Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service.

③Restart Apache

After PHP installation, restarting Apache will invoke PHP-FPM (FPM : FastCGI Process Manager) by default, and php-fpm service will be started in conjunction with httpd startup.

# systemctl restart httpd
# systemctl status php-fpm
● php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service; enabled; vendor p>
     Active: active (running) since Thu 2022-12-29 16:46:46 JST; 9s ago
   Main PID: 17614 (php-fpm)
     Status: "Ready to handle connections"
      Tasks: 6 (limit: 9393)
     Memory: 9.5M
        CPU: 79ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/php-fpm.service
             tq17614 "php-fpm: master process (/etc/php-fpm.conf)"
             tq17615 "php-fpm: pool www"
             tq17616 "php-fpm: pool www"
             tq17617 "php-fpm: pool www"
             tq17618 "php-fpm: pool www"
             mq17619 "php-fpm: pool www"

Dec 29 16:46:46 Lepard systemd[1]: Starting The PHP FastCGI Process Manager...
Dec 29 16:46:46 Lepard systemd[1]: Started The PHP FastCGI Process Manager.

# systemctl restart httpd

# systemctl status php-fpm

● php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service; enabled; vendor p>

Active: active (running) since Thu 2022-12-29 16:46:46 JST; 9s ago

Main PID: 17614 (php-fpm)

Status: "Ready to handle connections"

Tasks: 6 (limit: 9393)

Memory: 9.5M

CPU: 79ms

CGroup: /system.slice/php-fpm.service

tq17614 "php-fpm: master process (/etc/php-fpm.conf)"

tq17615 "php-fpm: pool www"

tq17616 "php-fpm: pool www"

tq17617 "php-fpm: pool www"

tq17618 "php-fpm: pool www"

mq17619 "php-fpm: pool www"

Dec 29 16:46:46 Lepard systemd[1]: Starting The PHP FastCGI Process Manager...

Dec 29 16:46:46 Lepard systemd[1]: Started The PHP FastCGI Process Manager.

④Confirmation of PHP operation
Create the following files

# vi /var/www/html/<domain name>/test.php
<?php
 phpinfo();
 ?>

# vi /var/www/html/<domain name>/test.php

<?php

phpinfo();

Access http://<domain name>/test.php in your browser and if you see the following screen, it is OK

4. Digest authentication with Apache2

Since Basic Authentication, a well-known authentication authorization method for http, sends authentication information in plain text, there is a risk of ID and password leakage if the packet is intercepted.
On the other hand, Digest Authentication encrypts and transmits authentication information, so there is almost no risk of information leakage.

4.1 Create password file for Digest authentication

Specify an authenticated area called realm. This realm allows the same directory to be accessed as authenticated.
For this example, the realm is "DigestAuth" and a user and password file named "secretuser" ".digestauth" is created.

# /usr/bin/htdigest -c /etc/httpd/.digestauth "DigestAuth" secretuser

1	# /usr/bin/htdigest -c /etc/httpd/.digestauth "DigestAuth" secretuser

Confirmation

# cat /etc/httpd/.digestauth
secretuser:DigestAuth:64939177c7b7c6eac3687925b27e771d

1 2	# cat /etc/httpd/.digestauth secretuser:DigestAuth:64939177c7b7c6eac3687925b27e771d

As above, secretuser and encrypted password are created

4.2 Edit Apache configuration file

Specify the directory to which Digest authentication will be applied. (In this case, specify the "secret" directory.)

# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

1	# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Add the following at the end

<Directory "/var/www/html/[FQDN]/secret">
AuthType Digest
AuthName "DigestAuth"
AuthDigestDomain /[FQDN]/secret/
AuthUserFile "/etc/httpd/.digestauth"
Require valid-user
</Directory>

AuthType Digest

AuthName "DigestAuth"

AuthDigestDomain /[FQDN]/secret/

AuthUserFile "/etc/httpd/.digestauth"

Require valid-user

</Directory>

Create a directory for Digest authentication

# mkdir  /var/www/html/[FQDN]/secret

1	# mkdir /var/www/html/[FQDN]/secret

Enable Digest authentication and reboot

# systemctl restart httpd.service

1	# systemctl restart httpd.service

When accessing http://[FQDN]/secret with a browser, a screen appears asking for "user name" and "password".

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