Package management with YUM
CentOS and Fedora have YUM (Yellow dog Updater Modified) that automatically resolves RPM package dependencies and installs them.
※This is equivalent to the package management system (APT tool) used in Debian GNU/Linux and Vine Linux.
The YUM configuration file consists of the following
/etc/yum.conf
/etc/yum.repos.d
●Example of yum.conf file
| [root@Lion ~]# cat /etc/yum.conf ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ [main]cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releaseverkeepcache=0 debuglevel=2 logfile=/var/log/yum.log exactarch=1 obsoletes=1 gpgcheck=1 plugins=1 installonly_limit=5 bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=23&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum distroverpkg=centos-release# This is the default, if you make this bigger yum won't see if the metadata # is newer on the remote and so you'll "gain" the bandwidth of not having to # download the new metadata and "pay" for it by yum not having correct # information. # It is esp. important, to have correct metadata, for distributions like # Fedora which don't keep old packages around. If you don't like this checking # interupting your command line usage, it's much better to have something # manually check the metadata once an hour (yum-updatesd will do this). # metadata_expire=90m# PUT YOUR REPOS HERE OR IN separate files named file.repo # in /etc/yum.repos.d |
Under the /etc/yum.repos.d directory, the configuration files for repository information are stored.
If you want to get more packages, add a configuration file for repository information.
| [root@Lion ~]# ls -l /etc/yum.repos.d Total 32 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 November 23 2018 CentOS-Base.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 November 23 2018 CentOS-CR.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 November 23 2018 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 November 23 2018 CentOS-Media.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 November 23 2018 CentOS-Sources.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5701 November 23 2018 CentOS-Vault.repo -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 314 November 23 2018 CentOS-fasttrack.repo |
●Format of the yum command
yum [options] command [package name, etc.]
●Basic operations of the yum command
| yum install Package Name （Install the package and the packages it needs at the same time） yum update Package Name （If the specified package is installed, it will be updated. If the package is not specified, the entire system will be updated.） yum erase Package Name （Uninstall the package. You will be prompted to confirm that you also want to remove packages that depend on the specified package.） |
●The main commands of yum
Package operation relations
| command | Execution contents |
| install | Install the package |
| reinstall | Reinstall the package |
| downgrade | Downgrading a package |
| erase | Remove the package |
| update | Update the system package. |
| update-minimal | Update only "Important update." |
| upgrade | Update the package while taking into account packages that are no longer needed. |
| distribution-synchronization | Synchronize installed packages to the latest available version |
| localinstall | Install by specifying the package file (RPM file) |
| localupdate | Update by specifying the package file (RPM file) |
Information-related commands
| command | Execution contents |
| info | Display the details of a package or package group |
| list | Display a list of package groups |
| deplist | Display a list of package dependencies |
| groups | Display information on package groups |
| search | Searching for package details with a specified string |
| provides | Specify a file, etc., and search for packages that provide the corresponding file. |
| repolist | View the configuration of the software repository. |
| version | Display the repository versions available to the host |
Maintenance-related commands and others
| command | Execution contents |
| check | Check the rpm database for problems. |
| check-update | Check which packages are available for updating. |
| clean | Delete the cache data. |
| shell | Run an interactive shell (yum shell) |
| updateinfo | View repository updates. |
●The main options of the yum command
| Short options | Long options | Meaning |
| -y | --assumeyes | Assume that all queries are answered with "yes". |
| --assumeno | Assume that all queries are answered with "no". | |
| -t | --tolerant | silence an error |
| -R <minute> | --randomwait=<minute> | Specify the maximum waiting time. |
| -c <configuration file> | --config=<configuration file> | Specify the configuration file |
| --installroot=<Location> | Specify the installation location | |
| --downloaddir=<Location> | Specify the download destination | |
| --downloadonly | Just download the file. | |
| -C | --cacheonly | Don't download package information, just use the cache |
| -x <Package> | --exclude=<Package> | Specify which packages to exclude (wildcards can be used) |
| --color=<Specify> | Colorize the output message Specify with "always", "auto", or "never". |
|
| -q | --quiet | Do not output messages at runtime |
| -v | --verbose | Output a detailed message |
●Update confirmation
When you run "yum check-update", it will show you a list of installed packages that have updates.
| [root@Lion ~]# yum check-update # yum check-update Loaded plugins:fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: ftp.iij.ad.jp * extras: ftp.iij.ad.jp * updates: ftp.iij.ad.jpImageMagick.x86_64 6.7.8.9-15.el7_2 base ImageMagick-perl.x86_64 6.7.8.9-15.el7_2 base NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.4.0-20.el7_3 updates NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.4.0-20.el7_3 updates NetworkManager-team.x86_64 1:1.4.0-20.el7_3 updates NetworkManager-tui.x86_64 1:1.4.0-20.el7_3 updates SDL.x86_64 1.2.15-14.el7 base（abbreviation）yum.noarch 3.4.3-150.el7.centos base yum-langpacks.noarch 0.4.2-7.el7 base yum-plugin-fastestmirror.noarch 1.1.31-40.el7 base yum-utils.noarch 1.1.31-40.el7 base zip.x86_64 3.0-11.el7 base zlib.x86_64 1.2.7-17.el7 base zlib-devel.x86_64 1.2.7-17.el7 base |
●Check if the package is already installed.
To check if a package is already installed on your system, use the "list installed" command.
In the example below, we are checking if httpd is installed.
| [root@Lion ~]# yum list installed httpd Loaded plugins:fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: ftp.iij.ad.jp * extras: ftp.iij.ad.jp * updates: ftp.iij.ad.jp preinstalled package httpd.x86_64 2.4.6-31.el7.centos @anaconda |
●Search for packages
To search for a package using keywords in the yum command, run the search subcommand.
In the example, we get the expect package list.
| [root@Lion ~]# yum search expect Loaded plugins:fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: ftp.iij.ad.jp * extras: ftp.iij.ad.jp * updates: ftp.iij.ad.jp ======================================= N/S matched: expect ======================================== pexpect.noarch : Pure Python Expect-like module expect.x86_64 : A program-script interaction and testing utility expect-devel.i686 : A program-script interaction and testing utility expect-devel.x86_64 : A program-script interaction and testing utility expectk.x86_64 : A program-script interaction and testing utility |
●Update a specific package
To update a specific package, specify the update subcommand.
In the example, we are updating the openssl package。
| [root@Lion ~]# yum update openssl Loaded plugins:fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: ftp.iij.ad.jp * extras: ftp.iij.ad.jp * updates: ftp.iij.ad.jp working on a dependency solution. --> Performing transaction verification. ---> Updated package openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.1e-51.el7_2.4 ---> Update package openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.1e-60.el7_3.1 --> Handling dependencies: openssl-libs(x86-64) = 1:1.0.1e-60.el7_3.1 : 1:openssl-1.0.1e-60.el7_3.1.x86_64 --> Perform transaction verification ---> Updated package openssl-libs.x86_64 1:1.0.1e-51.el7_2.4 （abbreviation） --> Finish dependency resolution.Dependency solved.=================================================== Package architectureー version Repositories Capacity =================================================== 更新します: openssl x86_64 1:1.0.1e-60.el7_3.1 updates 713 k Update on dependency related: openssl-devel x86_64 1:1.0.1e-60.el7_3.1 updates 1.2 M openssl-libs x86_64 1:1.0.1e-60.el7_3.1 updates 959 kTransaction Summary ==================================================== update 1 Package (+Package of 2 dependencies)Total download capacity: 2.8 M Is this ok [y/d/N]:y ←Enter y （The following is omitted） |
●Run the system update.
When you run "yum update", all the installed packages will be updated to the latest version.
| [root@Lion ~]# yum update Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * addons: rsync.atworks.co.jp * base: rsync.atworks.co.jp * extras: rsync.atworks.co.jp * updates: rsync.atworks.co.jp Setting up Update Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package ImageMagick.i386 0:6.2.8.0-4.el5_5.3 set to be updated ---> Package NetworkManager.i386 1:0.7.0-10.el5_5.2 set to be updated ---> Package NetworkManager-glib.i386 1:0.7.0-10.el5_5.2 set to be updated ---> Package NetworkManager-gnome.i386 1:0.7.0-10.el5_5.2 set to be updated（中略）--> Running transaction check ---> Package tzdata-java.i386 0:2010l-1.el5 set to be updated extras/filelists_db | 195 kB 00:00 --> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved=========================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =========================================================== Installing: kernel i686 2.6.18-194.32.1.el5 updates 17 M Updating: ImageMagick i386 6.2.8.0-4.el5_5.3 updates 3.3 M NetworkManager i386 1:0.7.0-10.el5_5.2 updates 1.0 M NetworkManager-glib i386 1:0.7.0-10.el5_5.2 updates 82 k NetworkManager-gnome i386 1:0.7.0-10.el5_5.2 updates 327 k apr i386 1.2.7-11.el5_5.3 updates 123 k（abbreviation）Transaction Summary =========================================================== Install 2 Package(s) Upgrade 110 Package(s) Total download size: 347 M |
●Uninstall the package
To uninstall a package, execute the following.
In the example, we are removing the openssl package
| [root@Lion ~]# yum remove openssl |
●View and install groups
RPM packages can be divided into a number of groups.
With YUM, you can install packages by groups.
You can check what kind of groups are available by using "yum grouplist
| [root@Lion ~]# yum grouplist Loaded plugins:fastestmirror, langpacks There is no installed groups file. Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum) Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: ftp.iij.ad.jp * extras: ftp.iij.ad.jp * updates: ftp.iij.ad.jp Available environment groups: Minimal installation Compute Node infrastructure server File and Print Servers Basic Web Server virtualized host Server (Use GUI) GNOME Desktop KDE Plasma Workspaces Development and creative workstations Available groups Graphical Management Tools Console Internet Tools System Administration System Administration Tools Smart Card Support Security Tools Legacy UNIX compatibility Compatibility Library Scientific Support Development Tools Done |
To install all the packages related to "Basic Web Server" at once
| [root@Lion ~]# yum groupinstall "Basic Web Server" |