AlmaLinux9.3 ; WEB Server(Apache2) & Virtual Hosts

Contents

1.Apache2 Install , Virtual Host Configuration
2. Use of CGI Scripts
3. PHP installation and configuration
- 3.1.PHP8 Install
4. Digest authentication with Apache2
- 4.1 Create password file for Digest authentication
- 4.2 Edit Apache configuration file

1.Apache2 Install , Virtual Host Configuration

1.1 Apache2 Install

①httpd Install

# dnf -y install httpd

Version Check
# httpd -v
Server version: Apache/2.4.57 (AlmaLinux)
Server built:   Jul 20 2023 00:00:00

# dnf -y install httpd

Version Check

# httpd -v

Server version: Apache/2.4.57 (AlmaLinux)

Server built: Jul 20 2023 00:00:00

1.2 Apache Configuration

①Edit httpd.conf file

# cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf_bak
# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
●Line 91 : Administrator address specification 
ServerAdmin [Email Address]
●Per line 100 :　Change ServerName
Add "ServerName <domain name>" under "#ServerName www.example.com:80"
●Line 149 : Change (Delete Indexes)
Options FollowSymLinks
●Line 156 : Change
AllowOverride All
●Line 169 : File names accessible by directory name only
Add "index.php index.cgi index.htm"
●Add to the last line
ServerTokens Prod

# cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf_bak

# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

●Line 91 : Administrator address specification

ServerAdmin [Email Address]

●Per line 100 :　Change ServerName

Add "ServerName <domain name>" under "#ServerName www.example.com:80"

●Line 149 : Change (Delete Indexes)

Options FollowSymLinks

●Line 156 : Change

AllowOverride All

●Line 169 : File names accessible by directory name only

Add "index.php index.cgi index.htm"

●Add to the last line

ServerTokens Prod

②If Firewalld is enabled, HTTP service permission is required; HTTP uses [80/TCP]

# firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent
# firewall-cmd --reload

1 2	# firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent # firewall-cmd --reload

③Apache Auto-Start Configuration

# systemctl start httpd
# systemctl enable httpd
# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; preset: di>
     Active: active (running) since Tue 2024-04-16 15:16:35 JST; 14s ago
       Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
   Main PID: 49227 (httpd)
     Status: "Total requests: 0; Idle/Busy workers 100/0;Requests/sec: 0; Bytes>
      Tasks: 213 (limit: 10892)
     Memory: 25.4M
        CPU: 55ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
             tq49227 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             tq49228 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             tq49229 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             tq49230 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             mq49231 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Apr 16 15:16:35 Lepard systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Apr 16 15:16:35 Lepard httpd[49227]: Server configured, listening on: port 80
Apr 16 15:16:35 Lepard systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.

# systemctl start httpd

# systemctl enable httpd

# systemctl status httpd

● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; preset: di>

Active: active (running) since Tue 2024-04-16 15:16:35 JST; 14s ago

Docs: man:httpd.service(8)

Main PID: 49227 (httpd)

Status: "Total requests: 0; Idle/Busy workers 100/0;Requests/sec: 0; Bytes>

Tasks: 213 (limit: 10892)

Memory: 25.4M

CPU: 55ms

CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service

tq49227 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

tq49228 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

tq49229 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

tq49230 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

mq49231 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Apr 16 15:16:35 Lepard systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...

Apr 16 15:16:35 Lepard httpd[49227]: Server configured, listening on: port 80

Apr 16 15:16:35 Lepard systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.

④operation check
If you access http://[server IP address] and see the AlmaLinux Test Page as shown below, it is OK.

⑤Hide the Welcome page, create a new index.html file as a Test Page, and check apache operation

Rename the welcome page

# mv /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf.org

1	# mv /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf.org

Create HTML test page
# vi /var/www/html/index.html
<html>
<body>
<div style="width: 100%; font-size: 40px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">
Apache Test Page
</div>
</body>
</html>

Create HTML test page

# vi /var/www/html/index.html

<html>

<body>

Apache Test Page

</div>

</body>

</html>

If you access http://[server IP] and the Test Page is displayed as shown below, it is OK.

1.3 Virtual Host Settings

Assign and configure the domain name [FQDN] to the document root [/var/www/html/FQDN] directory for virtual host operation

# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf

Virtual Host Domain Settings
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/[FQDN]
ServerName [FQDN]
ServerAdmin＜Email Address> ←Administrator's email address
ErrorLog logs/[FQDN]-error_log
CustomLog logs/[FQDN]-access_log combined
</VirtualHost>

<Directory "/var/www/html/[FQDN]">
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
</Directory>

# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf

Virtual Host Domain Settings

DocumentRoot /var/www/html/[FQDN]

ServerName [FQDN]

ServerAdmin＜Email Address> ←Administrator's email address

ErrorLog logs/[FQDN]-error_log

CustomLog logs/[FQDN]-access_log combined

</VirtualHost>

Options FollowSymLinks

AllowOverride All

</Directory>

Creating a Document Directory

# mkdir /var/www/html/[FQDN]

1	# mkdir /var/www/html/[FQDN]

Restart Apache

# systemctl restart httpd

1	# systemctl restart httpd

2. Use of CGI Scripts

①CGI availability check

# grep -n "^ *ScriptAlias" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
252:    ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"
The above is displayed and available under "/var/www/cgi-bin/".

# grep -n "^ *ScriptAlias" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

252: ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"

The above is displayed and available under "/var/www/cgi-bin/".

②Create test scripts and check operation

# vi /var/www/cgi-bin/index.cgi

#!/usr/libexec/platform-python
print("Content-type: text/html\n")
print("CGI Script Test Page")

# vi /var/www/cgi-bin/index.cgi

#!/usr/libexec/platform-python

print("Content-type: text/html\n")

print("CGI Script Test Page")

# chmod 755 /var/www/cgi-bin/index.cgi
# curl localhost/cgi-bin/index.cgi
CGI Script Test Page

# chmod 755 /var/www/cgi-bin/index.cgi

# curl localhost/cgi-bin/index.cgi

CGI Script Test Page

3. PHP installation and configuration

3.1.PHP8 Install

①Install

# dnf -y install php

1	# dnf -y install php

②Version Check

# php -v
PHP 8.0.30 (cli) (built: Aug  3 2023 17:13:08) ( NTS gcc x86_64 )
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.0.30, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v8.0.30, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

# php -v

PHP 8.0.30 (cli) (built: Aug 3 2023 17:13:08) ( NTS gcc x86_64 )

Zend Engine v4.0.30, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies

with Zend OPcache v8.0.30, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

If you are installing Php8.1, you will need the Remi repository, so install it if you have not already done so.

# dnf -y install https://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-9.rpm

1	# dnf -y install https://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-9.rpm

Stop PHP once

# dnf module disable php

1	# dnf module disable php

PHP 8.1 install

# dnf module install php:remi-8.1

1	# dnf module install php:remi-8.1

php-fpm configuration

# systemctl enable php-fpm
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service.

1 2	# systemctl enable php-fpm Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service.

# systemctl start php-fpm
# php -v
PHP 8.1.28 (cli) (built: Apr 10 2024 05:53:50) (NTS gcc x86_64)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.1.28, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v8.1.28, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

If the version is updated to 8.1 (or later), OK.

# systemctl start php-fpm

# php -v

PHP 8.1.28 (cli) (built: Apr 10 2024 05:53:50) (NTS gcc x86_64)

Zend Engine v4.1.28, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies

with Zend OPcache v8.1.28, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

If the version is updated to 8.1 (or later), OK.

③Apache Restart
After PHP installation, restarting Apache will invoke PHP-FPM (FPM : FastCGI Process Manager) by default, and php-fpm service will be started in conjunction with httpd startup.

# systemctl restart httpd
# systemctl status php-fpm
● php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service; enabled; preset: >
     Active: active (running) since Tue 2024-04-16 15:24:24 JST; 48s ago
   Main PID: 50719 (php-fpm)
     Status: "Processes active: 0, idle: 5, Requests: 0, slow: 0, Traffic: 0req>
      Tasks: 6 (limit: 10892)
     Memory: 12.2M
        CPU: 36ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/php-fpm.service
             tq50719 "php-fpm: master process (/etc/php-fpm.conf)"
             tq50720 "php-fpm: pool www"
             tq50721 "php-fpm: pool www"
             tq50722 "php-fpm: pool www"
             tq50723 "php-fpm: pool www"
             mq50724 "php-fpm: pool www"

Apr 16 15:24:24 Lepard systemd[1]: Starting The PHP FastCGI Process Manager...
Apr 16 15:24:24 Lepard systemd[1]: Started The PHP FastCGI Process Manager.

# systemctl restart httpd

# systemctl status php-fpm

● php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service; enabled; preset: >

Active: active (running) since Tue 2024-04-16 15:24:24 JST; 48s ago

Main PID: 50719 (php-fpm)

Status: "Processes active: 0, idle: 5, Requests: 0, slow: 0, Traffic: 0req>

Tasks: 6 (limit: 10892)

Memory: 12.2M

CPU: 36ms

CGroup: /system.slice/php-fpm.service

tq50719 "php-fpm: master process (/etc/php-fpm.conf)"

tq50720 "php-fpm: pool www"

tq50721 "php-fpm: pool www"

tq50722 "php-fpm: pool www"

tq50723 "php-fpm: pool www"

mq50724 "php-fpm: pool www"

Apr 16 15:24:24 Lepard systemd[1]: Starting The PHP FastCGI Process Manager...

Apr 16 15:24:24 Lepard systemd[1]: Started The PHP FastCGI Process Manager.

④Confirmation of PHP operation
Create the following files

# vi /var/www/html/[FQDN]/test.php
<?php phpinfo(); ?>

1 2	# vi /var/www/html/[FQDN]/test.php <?php phpinfo(); ?>

If you access http://[domain name]/test.php in your browser and see the following screen, it is OK

4. Digest authentication with Apache2

Since Basic Authentication, a well-known authentication authorization method for http, sends authentication information in plain text, there is a risk of ID and password leakage if the packet is intercepted.
On the other hand, Digest Authentication encrypts and transmits authentication information, so there is almost no risk of information leakage.

4.1 Create password file for Digest authentication

Specify an authenticated area called realm. This realm allows the same directory to be accessed as authenticated.
For this example, the realm is "DigestAuth" and a user and password file named "secretuser" ".digestauth" is created.

# /usr/bin/htdigest -c /etc/httpd/.digestauth "DigestAuth" secretuser

1	# /usr/bin/htdigest -c /etc/httpd/.digestauth "DigestAuth" secretuser

Confirmation

# cat /etc/httpd/.digestauth
secretuser:DigestAuth:64939177c7b7c6eac3687925b27e771d

1 2	# cat /etc/httpd/.digestauth secretuser:DigestAuth:64939177c7b7c6eac3687925b27e771d

As above, secretuser and encrypted password are created

4.2 Edit Apache configuration file

Specify the directory to which Digest authentication will be applied. (In this case, specify the "secret" directory.)

# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

1	# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Add the following at the end

<Directory "/var/www/html/[FQDN]/secret">
AuthType Digest
AuthName "DigestAuth"
AuthDigestDomain /[FQDN]/secret/
AuthUserFile "/etc/httpd/.digestauth"
Require valid-user
</Directory>