Tripwire
1.インストール
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# dnf -y install tripwire |
2.パスフレーズ設定
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# tripwire-setup-keyfiles ---------------------------------------------- The Tripwire site and local passphrases are used to sign a variety of files, such as the configuration, policy, and database files. Passphrases should be at least 8 characters in length and contain both letters and numbers. See the Tripwire manual for more information. ---------------------------------------------- Creating key files... (When selecting a passphrase, keep in mind that good passphrases typically have upper and lower case letters, digits and punctuation marks, and are at least 8 characters in length.) Enter the site keyfile passphrase: ←任意の「サイトパスフレーズ」を入力 Verify the site keyfile passphrase: ←再度「サイトパスフレーズ」を入力 Generating key (this may take several minutes)...Key generation complete. (When selecting a passphrase, keep in mind that good passphrases typically have upper and lower case letters, digits and punctuation marks, and are at least 8 characters in length.) Enter the local keyfile passphrase: ←任意の「ローカルパスフレーズ」を入力 Verify the local keyfile passphrase: ←再度「ローカルパスフレーズ」を入力 Generating key (this may take several minutes)...Key generation complete. ---------------------------------------------- Signing configuration file... Please enter your site passphrase: ←「サイトパスフレーズ」を入力 Wrote configuration file: /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg A clear-text version of the Tripwire configuration file: /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt has been preserved for your inspection. It is recommended that you move this file to a secure location and/or encrypt it in place (using a tool such as GPG, for example) after you have examined it. ---------------------------------------------- Signing policy file... Please enter your site passphrase: ←「サイトパスフレーズ」を入力 Wrote policy file: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol A clear-text version of the Tripwire policy file: /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt has been preserved for your inspection. This implements a minimal policy, intended only to test essential Tripwire functionality. You should edit the policy file to describe your system, and then use twadmin to generate a new signed copy of the Tripwire policy. Once you have a satisfactory Tripwire policy file, you should move the clear-text version to a secure location and/or encrypt it in place (using a tool such as GPG, for example). Now run "tripwire --init" to enter Database Initialization Mode. This reads the policy file, generates a database based on its contents, and then cryptographically signs the resulting database. Options can be entered on the command line to specify which policy, configuration, and key files are used to create the database. The filename for the database can be specified as well. If no options are specified, the default values from the current configuration file are used. |
3.Tripwire の設定
①設定ファイル編集
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# vi /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt # 9 行目 : trueに変更 LOOSEDIRECTORYCHECKING =true # 12 行目 : 最も詳細なレポートに変更 REPORTLEVEL =4 |
②Tripwire 設定ファイル(暗号署名版)を作成
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# twadmin -m F -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg -S /etc/tripwire/site.key /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt Please enter your site passphrase: ←サイトパスフレーズを入力 Wrote configuration file: /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg |
③Tripwire 設定ファイル(テキスト版)削除
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# rm -f /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt |
④ポリシーファイル設定
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# cd /etc/tripwire/ # vi twpolmake.pl |
twpolmake.plの内容
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#!/usr/bin/perl # Tripwire Policy File customize tool # $POLFILE=$ARGV[0]; open(POL,"$POLFILE") or die "open error: $POLFILE" ; my($myhost,$thost) ; my($sharp,$tpath,$cond) ; my($INRULE) = 0 ; while (<POL>) { chomp; if (($thost) = /^HOSTNAME\s*=\s*(.*)\s*;/) { $myhost = `hostname` ; chomp($myhost) ; if ($thost ne $myhost) { $_="HOSTNAME=\"$myhost\";" ; } } elsif ( /^{/ ) { $INRULE=1 ; } elsif ( /^}/ ) { $INRULE=0 ; } elsif ($INRULE == 1 and ($sharp,$tpath,$cond) = /^(\s*\#?\s*)(\/\S+)\b(\s+->\s+.+)$/) { $ret = ($sharp =~ s/\#//g) ; if ($tpath eq '/sbin/e2fsadm' ) { $cond =~ s/;\s+(tune2fs.*)$/; \#$1/ ; } if (! -s $tpath) { $_ = "$sharp#$tpath$cond" if ($ret == 0) ; } else { $_ = "$sharp$tpath$cond" ; } } print "$_\n" ; } close(POL) ; |
⑤ポリシーファイル最適化
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# perl /etc/tripwire/twpolmake.pl /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt > /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt.new |
⑥最適化済ポリシーファイルを元に、ポリシーファイル(暗号署名版)作成
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# twadmin -m P -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg -p /etc/tripwire/tw.pol -S /etc/tripwire/site.key /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt.new Please enter your site passphrase: ←サイトパスフレーズを入力 Wrote policy file: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol |
⑦データベースを作成、動作確認
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# tripwire -m i -s -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg Please enter your local passphrase: ←ローカルパスフレーズを入力 |
テスト用ファイルを作成
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# echo test > /root/test.txt |
Tripwire の動作確認
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# tripwire -m c -s -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg 下記のように表示されればOK Open Source Tripwire(R) 2.4.3.7 Integrity Check Report Report generated by: root Report created on: Sat 02 May 2026 09:39:14 AM JST Database last updated on: Never =============================================================================== Report Summary: =============================================================================== Host name: Lepard Host IP address: 192.168.11.83 Host ID: None Policy file used: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol Configuration file used: /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg Database file used: /var/lib/tripwire/Lepard.twd Command line used: tripwire -m c -s -c /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg =============================================================================== Rule Summary: =============================================================================== ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Section: Unix File System ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rule Name Severity Level Added Removed Modified --------- -------------- ----- ------- -------- User binaries 66 0 0 0 Tripwire Binaries 100 0 0 0 Operating System Utilities 100 0 0 0 Libraries 66 0 0 0 OS executables and libraries 100 0 0 0 File System and Disk Administraton Programs 100 0 0 0 Networking Programs 100 0 0 0 System Administration Programs 100 0 0 0 Critical Utility Sym-Links 100 0 0 0 Shell Binaries 100 0 0 0 * Tripwire Data Files 100 1 0 0 System boot changes 100 0 0 0 Security Control 100 0 0 0 Login Scripts 100 0 0 0 Critical configuration files 100 0 0 0 Kernel Administration Programs 100 0 0 0 Hardware and Device Control Programs 100 0 0 0 Application Information Programs 100 0 0 0 (/sbin/rtmon) Critical system boot files 100 0 0 0 * Root config files 100 1 0 0 Invariant Directories 66 0 0 0 Temporary directories 33 0 0 0 Critical devices 100 0 0 0 Total objects scanned: 56131 Total violations found: 2 =============================================================================== Object Summary: =============================================================================== ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Section: Unix File System ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rule Name: Tripwire Data Files (/var/lib/tripwire) Severity Level: 100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Added: "/var/lib/tripwire/Lepard.twd" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rule Name: Root config files (/root) Severity Level: 100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Added: "/root/test.txt" =============================================================================== Error Report: =============================================================================== No Errors ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *** End of report *** Open Source Tripwire 2.4 Portions copyright 2000-2018 Tripwire, Inc. Tripwire is a registered trademark of Tripwire, Inc. This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details use --version. This is free software which may be redistributed or modified only under certain conditions; see COPYING for details. All rights reserved. |
テスト用ファイルを削除
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# rm -f /root/test.txt |
⑧Tripwire 定期的にメールで結果報告するスクリプト作成
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# cd /var/www/system # vi tripwire.sh |
tripwire.shの内容
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#!/bin/bash PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/tripwire/sbin # パスフレーズ設定 LOCALPASS=xxxxx # ローカルキーパスフレーズ SITEPASS=xxxxx # サイトキーパスフレーズ #通知先メールアドレス指定 MAIL="<your mailaddress> " cd /etc/tripwire # Tripwireチェック実行 tripwire -m c -s -c tw.cfg|mail -s "Tripwire(R) Integrity Check Report in `hostname`" $MAIL # ポリシーファイル最新化 twadmin -m p -c tw.cfg -p tw.pol -S site.key > twpol.txt perl twpolmake.pl twpol.txt > twpol.txt.new twadmin -m P -c tw.cfg -p tw.pol -S site.key -Q $SITEPASS twpol.txt.new > /dev/null rm -f twpol.txt* *.bak # データベース最新化 rm -f /usr/local/tripwire/lib/tripwire/*.twd* tripwire -m i -s -c tw.cfg -P $LOCALPASS |
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# chmod 700 tripwire.sh cron に追加 # crontab -e 0 3 * * * /var/www/system/tripwire.sh |
下記コマンドを実行し、指定したメールアドレスにtripwire実行結果が通知されることを確認
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# /var/www/system/tripwire.sh |
Logwatch導入
①インストール
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# dnf -y install logwatch |
②設定ファイルの編集
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# cat /usr/share/logwatch/default.conf/logwatch.conf >> /etc/logwatch/conf/logwatch.conf # vi /etc/logwatch/conf/logwatch.conf # 76 行目 : 「MailTo = root」の行頭に「#」を挿入し、その下行に通知を受け取りたいメールアドレスを設定 #MailTo = root MailTo = [メールアドレス] # 115行目あたり : ログ通知の詳細度を設定 #Detail = Low Detail = High |
③レポートを出力
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# logwatch --output stdout |
下記のようなメッセージが出ます
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################### Logwatch 7.14 (01/22/26) #################### Processing Initiated: Sat May 2 09:45:59 2026 Date Range Processed: yesterday ( 2026-May-01 ) Period is day. Detail Level of Output: 10 Type of Output/Format: stdout / text Logfiles for Host: Lepard ################################################################## --------------------- Kernel Audit Begin ------------------------ Number of audit daemon starts: 2 Number of audit daemon stops: 2 Number of audit initializations: 2 -----------Omission---------- --------------------- Disk Space Begin ------------------------ Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/fedora-root 15G 4.8G 11G 32% / efivarfs 256K 75K 177K 30% /sys/firmware/efi/efivars /dev/nvme0n1p2 2.0G 453M 1.5G 23% /boot /dev/nvme0n1p1 599M 7.9M 591M 2% /boot/efi ---------------------- Disk Space End ------------------------- --------------------- lm_sensors output Begin ------------------------ nvme-pci-0b00 Adapter: PCI adapter Composite: +29.9 C ---------------------- lm_sensors output End ------------------------- ###################### Logwatch End ######################### |
④次のコマンドで設定したアドレスにレポートが届くかテストを行います。上記の様なログレポートメールが届いているか確認
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# /etc/cron.daily/0logwatch |
ディスク使用率チェックスクリプト導入
1 スクリプト作成
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# cd /var/www/system # vi disk_capacity_check.sh |
disk_capacity_check.shの内容
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#!/bin/bash #通知先メールアドレス指定 MAIL="<Mail address>" DVAL=`/bin/df / | /usr/bin/tail -1 | /bin/sed 's/^.* \([0-9]*\)%.*$/\1/'` if [ $DVAL -gt 80 ]; then echo "Disk usage alert: $DVAL %" | mail -s "Disk Space Alert in `hostname`" $MAIL fi |
実行権限
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# chmod 700 disk_capacity_check.sh |
2 実行確認
①現在の使用率を確認
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# df -h |
次のように表示される
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Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/fedora-root 15G 2.9G 13G 19% / devtmpfs 1.4G 0 1.4G 0% /dev tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /dev/shm efivarfs 256K 75K 177K 30% /sys/firmware/efi/efivars tmpfs 583M 2.8M 580M 1% /run none 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/systemd-journald.service none 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/systemd-resolved.service tmpfs 1.5G 1.1M 1.5G 1% /tmp /dev/nvme0n1p2 2.0G 384M 1.6G 20% /boot /dev/nvme0n1p1 599M 7.9M 591M 2% /boot/efi none 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/getty@tty1.service tmpfs 292M 4.0K 292M 1% /run/user/1000 |
②使用率80%以上になるようダミーファイルを作成(例ではdummyfile という名前で10G程度)
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# dd if=/dev/zero of=dummyfile bs=1M count=10000 |
➂ディスク容量チェックスクリプトを実行
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# /var/www/system/disk_capacity_check.sh |
設定したメールアドレスに本文の内容として「Disk usage alert: 85 %」のように記載のメールが届きます
④作成した「dummyfile」を削除
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# rm dummyfile |
⑤定期実行設定
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# crontab -e 30 2 * * * /var/www/system/disk_capacity_check.sh |
DNS更新
ネットが切断されたり、ルーターが切断再起動したときにおこるグローバルIPの変更の度に、ダイナミックDNSにアクセスしグローバルIPが変更されたことを知らせなくてはいけません。
専用のpythonファイルを作成しCronで定期実行します
今回はValudomainでのDNS設定です
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# cd /var/www/system # vi ddnsset.py |
ddnsset.pyの内容
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#setddns.py import requests import ipaddress from datetime import datetime from pathlib import Path # SETTING DATA MY_DOMAIN = "example.jp" ←自ドメイン MY_PASS = "xxxxxxxxxx" ←パスワード MY_HOSTNAME = "xxxx" ←ホスト名 OUT_FILE = Path("/tmp/ipadress") ←IPアドレス記録ファイル def time_msg(): now = datetime.now() return now.strftime("%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S") def is_valid_ip(ip_str): try: ipaddress.ip_address(ip_str) return True except ValueError: return False def main(): # Check Global IP Address url_get_ip = "https://dyn.value-domain.com/cgi-bin/dyn.fcg?ip" try: response = requests.get(url_get_ip, timeout=10) response.raise_for_status() current_ip = response.text.strip() except requests.RequestException as e: print(f"{time_msg()} Failed to get IP: {e}") return # IP check mssg = time_msg() if not current_ip: print(f"{mssg} invalid IP NULL") return if not is_valid_ip(current_ip): print(f"{mssg} invalid IP={current_ip}") return # Read previous IP previous_ip = "" if OUT_FILE.exists(): with open(OUT_FILE, "r") as f: previous_ip = f.read().strip() if current_ip == previous_ip: print(f"{time_msg()} no change IP={current_ip}") return else: print(f"change IP from {previous_ip} to {current_ip}") # Update DDNS mssg = time_msg() print(f"{mssg} access to value-domain") url_set_ddns = ( f"https://dyn.value-domain.com/cgi-bin/dyn.fcg?" f"d={MY_DOMAIN}&p={MY_PASS}&h={MY_HOSTNAME}" ) try: response = requests.get(url_set_ddns, timeout=10) response.raise_for_status() # 改行をスペースに変換し、連続するスペースを1つにまとめる result = ' '.join(response.text.strip().split()) except requests.RequestException as e: print(f"{time_msg()} Failed to update DDNS: {e}") return mssg = time_msg() print(f"{mssg} {MY_HOSTNAME}.{MY_DOMAIN} {result} IP={current_ip}") # DDNS更新が成功した場合のみIPを保存 if "status=0" in result: with open(OUT_FILE, "w") as f: f.write(current_ip) print(f"{mssg} Successfully saved new IP: {current_ip}") else: print(f"{mssg} DDNS update failed, IP not saved") if __name__ == "__main__": main() |
IPアドレス記録ファイル作成
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# touch /tmp/ipadress |
定期的に実行
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# crontab -e * 00 * * * /usr/bin/python3 /var/www/system/ddnsset.py >> /var/log/ddns_updater.log 2>&1 |